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Relationship of Electrical Resistance of Vaginal Mucus During Oestrus with Post-ai Pregnancy in Cows

M. Ahmed
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. K. Chowdhury
Department of Livestock Services, Krishi Khamar Sarak, Farmgate, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh.

M. M. Rahman
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

J. Bhattacharjee
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. M. U. Bhuiyan
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Accurate detection of oestrus is a common problem for farmers to do AI timely resulting in conception failure in cows. The objective of the present study was to know the electrical resistance of vaginal mucus (ERVM) during oestrus to determine the best time of AI for improvement of conception in cattle. A total of 28 cows were inseminated with frozen thawed semen after detection of ERVM with Draminski estrus detector at Kendua Upazila Livestock Office under Netrakona district of Bangladesh. Pregnancy was diagnosed by per rectal palpation of genital tract 8-10 weeks after insemination. The mean ERVM in pregnant cows was 208.5 ± 31.2 Ω (163.3 to 263.3 Ω) and the ERVM in non-pregnant cows was 214.4 ± 36.6 Ω (153.3 to 280.0 Ω). Moreover, the pregnancy rate was higher in cows (80.0 to 83.3%) when ERVM during oestrus varied from 150 to 220 Ω than that of 221 to 280 Ω counterpart (36.4%). The difference in pregnancy rates between groups was significant (P<0.05). The present study indicates that Dramniski electrical heat detector may be used for prediction of time for AI in cows of Bangladesh. Up to 220 Ω ERVM during oestrus is better for higher conception rate than that of more than 220 Ω counterparts. Further studies with high number of inseminated cows should be conducted before wide application of this electrical heat detector under field conditions in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Cows, Electrical heat detector, Electrical resistance of vaginal mucus (ERVM)

Location: Kendua Upazila Livestock Office under Netrakona district, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-01-2016

End Date: 00-11-2016

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cow

Objectives:

The objective of the present study was to know the ERVM during oestrus to determine the best time of AI for improvement of conception in cattle.

Methodology:

Description of animals and data collection: The study was carried out at the Kendua Upazila Livestock Office under Netrakona district during the period from January to November 2016. The cows brought for AI in the livestock office were used for collecting data and investigation. A total of 28 animals were included in this study of which 6 were heifers and 22 were cows of 1 to 6 parities. Seventeen animals were cross bred between non-descript local and Friesian, and 11 animals were local breed. The age of the animals varied from 1.5 to 10 years, the body weight varied from 120 to 220 Kg, the body condition score varied from 2.5 to 4.5 and the rectal temperature varied from 99 to 102ºF. The number of services given to the animals varied from 1 to 3, the interval between oestrus and AI varied from 7 to 18 hours. All data on animals were collected by either examination of animals or by interviewing the farmers and recorded by using questionnaire. Before selection, the animals were examined per rectum to confirm that they were not pregnant. The animals that were not in oestrus and had clinical uterine infection were not selected for the study. Description of farm management: The animals were tied in the barn at night and sometimes grazed at day time. The animals were fed mostly on straw, cut and carry green grasses and small amount of concentrate mixture consisting of wheat bran, rice polish and molasses. The animals were given concentrate feed two times daily. All cows were hand milked keeping the calves at feet of the cows and calves suckled several times after milking. The animals were vaccinated against commonly occurring infectious diseases and dewormed routinely. Detection of estrus and determination of ERVM: Oestrus of cows and heifers was detected by the farmers on the basis of clinical manifestation of oestrus signs. To determine the values of ERVM, Draminski estrus detector (Draminski Electronics in Agriculture, 17 Owocowa, 10-860 Olsztyn, Poland) was used. Briefly, after restraining the cows, the vulva of the animals were cleaned with mild antiseptic solution and dried with clean cloth. The Draminski estrus detector was prepared after cleaning the probe with mild antiseptic. The probe was then inserted through vulva and reached up to the cervix. The value of the ERVM was determined as per instruction of the manufacturer and the average value of three consecutive measurements was recorded immediately prior to insemination. Artificial insemination and pregnancy diagnosis: All the animals were inseminated after taking reading by the oestrus detector. The animals were inseminated by using frozen thawed semen supplied by Department of Livestock Services (DLS), Bangladesh. The insemination was performed by the trained inseminator of Kendua Upazila Livestock Office, Netrakona. All farmers were asked for detection of oestrus 20 to 22 days after insemination. The cows detected in oestrus by the farmers after 20 to 22 days of insemination were regarded as non-pregnant. The cows which were not detected in oestrus by the farmers after 20 to 22 days of insemination were further monitored for pregnancy diagnosis. The pregnancy was confirmed by per rectal palpation of genital tract 8 to 10 weeks after insemination. Experimental approaches and statistical analysis: To determine the best time of insemination on the basis of ERVM during oestrus, the animals were divided into three groups such as 150 to 180, 181 to 220 and 221 to 280 Ω resistance showing groups. The collected data on ERVM were entered into Excel 2010 datasheet. The data were arranged and, mean and standard deviation were calculated. ANOVA was performed by using SPSS (ERVMsion 13) to determine the presence of significant difference in pregnancy rates among three groups of cows with respect to electrical resistance. The difference in pregnancy rate was considered significant when the P value was less than 0.05.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2017). 15 (2): 113-117 ISSN: 1729-7893 (Print), 2308-0922 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

A total of 28 cows were inseminated after detection of oestrus with Draminski estrus detector. The ERVM in pregnant cows was 199.8 ± 29.4 Ω (range from 163.3 to 263.3 Ω) and the ERVM in non-pregnant cows was 227.7 ± 34.5 Ω (range from 153.3 to 280.0 Ω). The pregnancy rate was higher in cows (80.0 to 83.3%) when ERVM during oestrus varied from 150 to 220 Ω than that of 221 to 280 Ω counterpart (36.4%). The difference in pregnancy rates between groups was significant (P<0.05). Nevertheless, the present study indicates that the electrical heat detector can be a suitable aid for the determination of time for AI in cows followed by obtaining a satisfactory conception rate. Accordingly, McCaughey and Patterson (1981) found a relation between the value of ERVM with the level of progesterone in milk and observed signs of oestrus. Contrasting to the earlier findings, Foote et al. (1985) described the determination of ERVM as insufficiently reliable in large farms conditions to predict time for AI. Additionally, Zuluaga et al. (2007) reported that the determination of ERVM is not reliable in detecting the optimum time for insemination after induction and synchronization of ovulation in cows. Elving et al. (1983) also reported that the method of measuring ERVM is not effective for oestrus detection in cows. It is concluded that Draminski electrical heat detector can be used for proper detection of time of AI in cows. However, further studies with high number of inseminated cows should be conducted before wide application of this electrical heat detector under field conditions in Bangladesh.

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