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Arsenic Mobility in Saline Soil and Its Impact on Plant Growth

Sayeda Sabrina Ali
Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Barisal, Barisal, Bangladesh

Monira Begum
Bangladesh Australia Centre for Environmental Research (BACER-DU), Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Muhammad Harunur Rashid
Bangladesh Australia Centre for Environmental Research (BACER-DU), Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

S. M. Imamul Huq
Bangladesh Australia Centre for Environmental Research (BACER-DU), Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study was conducted to investigate the mobility of arsenic in saline soil and its consequences on plant growth. Two different types of saline soils, S1 (2.0 dS/m) and S2 (5.06 dS/m), collected from the south-western part of Bangladesh were used for the experiment. There were two parts in the experiment, viz., in vitro incubation study and pot experiment. Arsenic at the rates of 0, 0.05 and 1.0 mg/l was applied to the soil with water and for plant as irrigation water. The soils under incubation were sequentially extracted with seven different extractants viz., distilled water, 1M NH4Cl, 0.01M CaCl2, 0.005M DTPA, 0.1M EDTA, 0.1M HCl and 1M HCl. A local variety of rice, BRRI 41 was grown on the experimental soil as the test crop for pot experiment. The elevated arsenic concentration in the growth medium caused higher accumulation of arsenic as well as sodium in the plant.

Keywords: Arsenic mobility, Salinity, Sodium, Rice, Plant growth

Location: Khulna district, situated in the southern part of the country, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Soil salinity, Soil Arsenic

Objectives:

To observe the effect of Na on As mobility in two saline soils of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Soil samples were collected from four sampling sites of Khulna, a district situated in the southern part of the country. The soils belong to two representative soil series, namely Dumuria and Bajoa series. According to the USDA soil taxonomy, all the series belong to Typic Endoaquepts subgroup (Ali et al. 2016). The georeferences of the sampling sites are presented. Both the soil series belong to ‘Calcareous Grey’ Soils of ‘Ganges Tidal Floodplain’ physiography. The soil samples were collected following the standard procedures (USDA 1951). The collected soil samples were air-dried, debris were removed and larger aggregates were ground by gently crushing with a wooden hammer. Then the ground samples were sieved by passing through a 0.5 mm and 5 mm stainless steel sieve for in vitro incubation experiment and pot experiments, respectively (Ali et al. 2016). Incubation experiment: The incubation experiment was carried out using the two types of saline soils. The detail of the experimental set up has been described in Ali et al. 2016. The extractability of Na and As of the soils were determined by sequential extraction process (Chowdhury et al. 2010). Seven different extractants were used in the extraction of the elements from the soils, viz. water soluble (H2O), NH4Cl extractable (exchangeable) (Krishnamurti et al. 1995), CaCl2 extractable (exchangeable) (Ahnstom and Parker 1999), DTPA extractable (organically bound) (Lindsay and Norvell 1978), EDTA extractable (organically bound) (Lindsay and Norvell 1978), 0.1M HCl extractable (CSTPA 1980) and 1M HCl (ANZEC 2000). Sodium content of the above mentioned samples were determined by flame photo analyzer (Huq and Alam 2005) and arsenic content by HG-AAS technique (Huq et al. 2008). Pot experiment: The pot experiment was carried out in a net-house using air-dried soil in earthen pots. The detail of the experimental set-up has been described by Ali et al. 2016. The quality control/quality assurance (QC/QA) of the analyses was maintained following the standard procedure. Statistical analysis was done by using Microsoft Excel (2010) version.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 29(2): 153-161, 2016 (December)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results indicate a synergistic effect between Na and As which lead us to conclude that a high concentration of arsenic in the soil might augment the presence of Na in salt affected soils. Both salinity and arsenic affected plant growth. The higher was the arsenic concentration in soil, the higher was the solubility of Na in soil and consequently higher Na accumulation in plant. But grain of rice was free from both As and Na toxicity. The present study reveals a synergistic impact of As and Na on plant growth. Further studies are needed at field level to substantiate these observations.

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