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Research Detail

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M. S. Hossain*
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

H. R. Khan
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

S. Akter
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

The potential and effectiveness of the indigenous organic amendments such as rice hull (RH), rice straw (RS) and sawdust (SD) at the rates of 0, 2 and 4 t ha-1, respectively on N, P and K contents of BRRI dhan47 grown on saline soil under variable moisture (field moist: FM and 2-5 cm standing water: SW) levels were evaluated in the field experiment. The N, P and K contents in the shoot at maturity stage of rice increased significantly (p<0.05) by the individual and the combined application of these amendments. The maximum contents of N (26.7 g kg-1: FM and 25.7 g kg-1: SW) were attained by the T27 (RH4SD4RS4) followed by the T26 (RH4SD4RS2) treatments. Among the three types of amendments regardless of their doses, the application of RS exerted best response (16.75 g N kg-1) followed by SD (16.35 g N kg-1) and RH (16.04 g N kg-1) in increasing N content of rice plants at field moist condition of the soil. The maximum P contents (2.49 g kg-1: FM and 2.67 g kg-1: SW) were recorded by the T27 (RH4SD4RS4) followed by the T26 (RH4SD4RS2) treatments and the lowest contents of P (0.40 g kg-1: FM and 0.42 g kg-1: SW) were obtained from the control plots. The content of P in rice shoots was slightly higher in SW than that of FM conditions. The maximum contents of K (18.2 g kg-1 in FM and 15.8 g kg-1 in SW) were obtained by the application of RH4SD4RS4 (T27) followed by the RH4SD4RS2 (T26) and the lowest contents of K (2.8 g kg-1: FM; 2.7 g kg-1: SW) were determined in the control plots. The contents of N and K in rice shoots were slightly higher in the FM than those of the SW conditions regardless of these amendments.

 

  N, P, K contents in rice plants; Rice hull, Rice straw; Sawdust, Soil moisture
  Musulliabad, Kalapara, Patuakhali
  00-01-2016
  00-05-2016
  Crop-Soil-Water Management
  Fertilizer, Rice, Soil salinity

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential and effectiveness of rice hull, rice straw, sawdust and moisture conditions on N P K contents in rice plant grown in a coastal saline soil.

Field condition A field experiment was conducted using BRRI dhan47 variety of rice in saline soil at Musulliabad, Kalapara, Patuakhali during January to May (Boro Season), 2016. The site enjoys a tropical monsoon climate and has three main seasons, namely, the monsoon or rainy season, the dry or winter season and the pre-monsoon or summer season. The monsoon season extends from May to October and is warm and humid. During this period, this locality receives about 88% of the total annual rainfall. The dry season extends from November to February and has the lowest temperature and humidity of the year. The pre-monsoon season extends from March to May and has the highest temperature and evaporation of the year. Field preparation Indigenous organic amendments such as rice hull (RH), rice straw (RS) and sawdust (SD) were used for the studied soil. The experiment was conducted following completely randomized block design with 3 factors, such as RH, RS and SW having 3 doses (0, 2, 4 t ha-1) of each with 3 replications (considered within the plot) under 2 moisture levels (Field moist: FM and 2-5 cm standing water conditions: SW;). The total number of treatment was 27 (3 RH × 3 RS × 3 SD: for each moisture level). Basal doses of N, P2O5, and K2O were applied at the rates of 120, 60 and 80 kg ha-1 from Urea, TSP and MoP fertilizers, respectively. The whole TSP, MoP and half of the Urea were applied during soil preparation by thorough mixing of the fertilizers with the soil. The remaining Urea was top dressed in two splits, one at active tillering and another at panicle initiation stage of rice. Transplantation Seedlings were collected from the local farmers. Thirty-days-old seedlings of BRRI dhan47 were transplanted at the rate of 3 seedlings per hill. The hill to hill and row to row distances were 18 and 22 cm, respectively. For the proper establishment of the rice seedlings, all plots in the field were irrigated with pond water for two weeks after transplantation and then the moisture levels were maintained by the irrigation of same pond water. In the case of moist condition: 70% water content seemed to be enough for the survival of rice plant and did not allow standing water. But in the case of saturated condition: more than 100% water, i.e. 2-5 cm standing water was maintained throughout the growing period. Intercultural operations were performed as required. Soil analysis The physicochemical characteristics of initial soil were determined by following standard methods. The bulk soil samples were air-dried and crushed to 2 mm before analysis. After treatment with 1 M CH3COONH4 (pH 5.0) and with 30% H2O2 to remove free salts and organic matter, respectively, particle size distribution of the initial soil was determined by the Hydrometer method (Piper, 1966). Soil pH was measured by the soil-water ratio of 1:2.5 (Jackson, 1973). The electrical conductivity was determined at a ratio soil: water = 1:5 (Richards, 1954). Organic matter content was determined (Nelson and Sommers, 1982) by wet combustion with K2Cr2O7. Available N (1.3 M KCl extraction, Jackson, 1973), available P (0.5 M NaHCO3, pH 8.5 extraction, Olsen et al., 1954), available K (Pratt, 1965) and available S (BaCl2 turbidity, Sakai, 1978) were determined. Cation exchange capacity was determined by saturation with 1 M CH3COONH4 (pH 7.0), ethanol washing, NH4+ displacement with acidi?ed 10 % NaCl, and subsequent analysis by steam (Kjeldhal method) distillation (Chapman, 1965). Exchangeable Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were extracted with 1 M CH3COONH4 (pH 7.0) and determined by flame photometry (Na+, K+) and atomic absorption spectrometry (Ca+, Mg+). Plant analysis Plant samples were collected after harvesting the crop at maturity. The plants per plot were cut at the 1 cm above ground level.The N contents were analyzed by the H2SO4 digestion through the micro-Kjeldhal method (Jackson, 1973) and P contents by spectrophotometry (Jackson, 1973); K contents by Gallenkamp flame photometry (Black, 1965). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the data and the test of significance of the different treatment means were assessed by Tukey’s Range Test at 5% (p < 0.05) level.  

 

  Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 53(4), 297-304, 2018
  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v53i4.39194
Funding Source:
1.   Budget:  
  

The findings concluded that the application of rice hull, rice straw and sawdust individually or in combinations increased the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrition of rice under both the field moist and the standing water conditions. The synergistic nature of N and K uptake by plants were also confirmed by the treatments, regardless of their kinds, application rates and condition of the experiment though the P contents in the rice plants showed almost a reverse trend. The maximum N, P and K contents in rice plant tissues were determined by the highest rate and combinations of the treatments under both the FM and the SW conditions. Among the amendments, regardless of their doses, rice straw exerted the best response followed by sawdust and rice hull in increasing N and K contents of rice plants under the moist condition of the soil. With the combined application of higher doses of these amendments, different responses by the rice plants were observed due to moisture variations, which suggest that optimum moisture condition of the saline soil is prerequisite when the application of organic amendments are considered in order to boost up the nutritional value of rice.

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