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Effects of Salinity on the Growth and Development of Groundnut Plant (arachis Hypogaea L.)

Shaila Islam Satu
Department of Botany, Jagannath University, Dhaka

Mansora
Department of Botany, Jagannath University, Dhaka

Shahrear Ahmad
Department of Botany, Jagannath University, Dhaka

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study investigated the effects of salinity on the growth of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), variety BARI Badam-8. The plants were grown in a series of plastic pots under controlled light and temperature conditions in the growth room. Salt (NaCl) solutions of different concentrations (0 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM, 200 mM, and 250 mM) were added to the pots, with three replicates. Results showed that shoot height, number of plants, main root length and lateral root length significantly decreased with the increase of salt concentrations. Fresh weight as well as dry weight of shoots and roots also decreased with the increase of salt concentrations while leaf proline and protein concentrations increased. Overall results indicate that high salinity condition is not suitable for growing groundnut.

Keywords: Groundnut, Salinity, Salt tolerance

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Non-commodity: Impact

Objectives:

The main objective of the present study was to identify whether the variety, BARI Badam 8, is salt tolerant by examining the effects of salinity on seed germination rate and growth parameters (shoot height, root length, fresh and dry biomass of shoot and root) under different known concentrations of salt (NaCl) solution.

Methodology:

Seeds of groundnut (A. hypogaea L.), BARI Badam-8, was collected from Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydevpur, Gazipur. Germination rate and weight of 100 seeds were recorded. Before germination, seeds were surface-sterilized with 5% sodium hypochlorite. Then, the seeds were left for three days for germination in a Petri-dish with autoclaved distilled water. Three-day old seedlings were transferred to plastic pots previously filled with soil collected from the Botanical Garden of Jagannath University, Dhaka. Plants were supplied with salt solutions (NaCl) of six concentrations (0 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM, 200 mM, and 250 mM). Salt solution was applied to the pots once a week and water was applied once in every two days. Each treatment had three replicates. Thus, a total of 18 pots were used to grow plants in the growth room at the Department of Botany, Jagannath University. Ten plants were grown in each pot and the plants were allowed to grow for 6 weeks in the growth room. Soil pH was determined from suspension of soil: water (2:1, v:w) using pH meter (Hanna pH meter, pHeP). Soil conductivity was determined in suspension with distilled water (5:1, v:w) using conductivity meter (Hanna conductivity meter). Soil moisture content (%) was determined from 10 g fresh soil after oven drying at 80 °C for 24 h. Organic Carbon content was analyzed by Walkley and Black method (Black, 1965). Total N content was determined by Kjeldahl method (Black, 1965). Soil P content was determined by Vanadomolybdophosphoric yellow color method (Jackson, 1958). Shoots and roots were separated from the plants. Shoot height, number of live plants, fresh weight, dry weight and main root length, lateral root length, fresh weight and dry weight were noted. Dry weight was measured after drying in oven at 60°C for 24 h. The 1g fresh leaf was used for the extraction of proline; optical density was recorded at 520nm wavelength by spectrophotometer. Proline content being expressed per gram leaf. Fresh leaf 1 g was used for the extraction of protein. Mean values were compared for statistical significance by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). For data analysis, JMP 4.0 software (SAS Institute, Carry, NC, USA) and for LSD test, STAR software (Statistical Tool for Agricultural Research) was used.

Source of Information: Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 43, No. 1, 25-30, 2019

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v43i1.42230

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Overall, results indicate that the growth parameters of groundnut (BARI Badam-8) plants were markedly affected by 250 mM salt treatments indicating that high salinity is not suitable for cultivation of groundnut.

Knowledge Management: Journal