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Morphometric Investigation of Neurocranium in Domestic Cat (felis Catus)

M. Uddin
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Anatomy and Histology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong-4225, Bangladesh

M. H. R. Sarker
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Anatomy and Histology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong-4225, Bangladesh

M. E. Hossain
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Anatomy and Histology,Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong-4225, Bangladesh

M. S. Islam
Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong-4225, Bangladesh

M. B. Hossain
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong-4225, Bangladesh

S. K. Shil
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Anatomy and Histology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong-4225, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was intended to investigate some aspects of the morphometric characteristics of the neurocranium in domestic cat (Felis catus) of Bangladesh. Twenty adult domestic cat including 10 males and 10 female were euthanized using diazepam (@ 20 mg/kg) and their skulls were macerated to give morphometric parameters. Student t-test with level of significance set at 5% (p < 0.05) was used to analyze the obtained values. The mean (mean ± SE) neurocranial volume was 28 ± 0.97 ml, neurocranial length was 6.63 ± 0.77 cm, and the neurocranial height and index were 3.32 ± 0.38 cm and 49.83%, respectively. The mean height and width of the foramen magnum were 1.32 ± 0.09 cm and 1.35 ± 0.08 cm, respectively, while the foramen index was below 100 at 90.72 ± 4.93. Parameters for the foramen magnum index showed significant difference between both sexes at p < 0.05. The foramen magnum showed shape variations and there were multiple hypoglossal foramina in over 80% of the cats. Foramen magnum index was positively correlated with neurocranial volume. The results were discussed in terms of the usage of morphologic and morphometric characteristics of cranium and skulls in several basic and clinical applications in cat such as estimation of the brain density and the use of the cat for cranial pressure experiments.

Keywords: Domestic cat, Cranial pressure, Foramen magnum, Morphometry

Location: Care and Use of Laboratory Animals at Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cat

Objectives:

To investigate some aspects of the osteometry and morphology of the neurocranium of the domestic cat to make contribution in scarce basic research data on the neurocranium of cat.

Methodology:

All animal handling and experimental procedures were carried out in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals at Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University. A total of 20 adult native domestic cat (Felis catus) of both sexes, equal in number (3–3.5 kg body weight) were collected from local fish markets of Chittagong. The live animals were first selected during ante mortem examination based on parameters of apparent good health and no skeletal deformation. The animals were weighed with a standard bath-room scale and euthanized by injecting diazepam (20 mg/kg) in jugular vein. The heads were severed at the atlanto-occipital junction and processed in the Anatomy Laboratory of Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University using the hot water maceration techniques as described by Simoens et al., (1994) which briefly were: on the working day, frozen cat head were allowed to thaw. Skin and most of the muscles were separated and eyes were enucleated. Heads were heated to over 80ºC for at least 1 hour in solution of polycarboxylate and anionic surfactant (detergent) and soap chips. Muscle of boiled heads was separated with the aid of forceps and scalpel in running water. Further separation of muscles and ligaments from the skulls was done after left in detergent water at least 20-30 minutes. Separation of remaining muscles and ligaments from the skull was done after left in 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for at least 24 hours. After that, the skulls were left in the above solution, for 48-72 hours with solution, being changed at least twice and clean in running tap water. The skulls were then left to dry. Different visualize details of structures relevant to the case at craniometrical parameters were recorded with the help of measuring scale, thread and digital Vernier calipers. The following measurements were made as defined by Olude et al.(2009), Simoens et al.(1994) and Onar et al. (1997). Neurocranial volume (NCV): The volume of the neurocranium was measured by first using Plasticine to block all the foramina of the intact skull. The neurocranium was then filled with grains from the foramen magnum. When full, the grains were emptied into a measuring cylinder and the volume determined. Neurocranial length (NCL): From the deepest indentation of the fronto-ethmoidal junction to the middle of the distal surface of the cranium at the level of the cerebral surface of the external occipital protuberance. Neurocranial height (NCH): From the deepest indentation of the sella turcica directly dorsal to the inner layer of the root of the cranium. Neurocranial index (NCI) = NCH/NCL (%). Foramen magnum width (FMW): Largest width of the foramen magnum. Foramen magnum height (FMH): Mid vertical height of the foramen magnum. Foramen magnum index (FMI) = FMH/FMW × 100 For terminology, Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria (International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature, 1994) was used.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2013).11 (1):69-73 ISSN: 1729-7893 (Print) 2308-0922 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In conclusion, the morphometric values of the neurocranium and clinical anatomy of the head region of the domestic cats provide an important baseline for further research in this field. Furthermore, these results can also be useful tool that will aid the regional surgery around the head especially during treating head injury, brain diseases as well as experimental study for intracranial pressure.

Knowledge Management: Journal