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Effect of Transplanting Times on Pollen and Spikelet Sterility, Growth and Yield of Aman Rice

MA Jalil
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

IJ Shalley
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

MHR Pramanik
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

MA Karim
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of planting dates on pollen/spikelet sterility, grain development and yield of hybrid rice in T. Aman season. The two varieties: Heera-4 (hybrid) and BINAdhan-7 (inbred) were transplanted on five consecutive dates at fifteen days interval viz. 15 July, 30 July, 15 August, 30 August and 15 September of 2011. The effect of variety and transplanting date showed significant variation in pollen sterility, grain growth & development, panicle length, filled grains panicle^-1, spikelet sterility and grain yield. Pollen sterility was the highest in Heera-4 (>80%) consequently spikelet sterility for transplanting on 15 July while transplanting on 30 July low pollen sterility consequently spikelet sterility. Both early or late transplanting influenced grain growth and development, enhanced pollen sterility as well as spikelet sterility and reduced grain yield. Late transplanting (30 August and 15 September) significantly reduced panicle length and filled grains panicle^-1. Transplanting on 30 July gave low pollen sterility as well as spikelet sterility, high panicle length and high filled grains panicle^-1 consequently greater grain yield in the varieties.

Keywords: Rice, Temperature, Pollen sterility, Spikelet sterility

Location: Field Laboratory of the Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-06-2011

End Date: 00-12-2011

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To study the effects of different transplanting dates on the pollen as well as spikelet sterility, grain growth and yield of hybrid and inbred rice in T. Aman season as well as to find out their optimum date of transplanting.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Field Laboratory of the Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the Aman season from June to December 2011. A hybrid rice variety, Heera-4 and BINAdhan-7 (inbred check) were used as test crop in the experiment. Sprouted seeds were successively sown in seedbeds at 15 days interval so that the seedlings at 25-day old could be transplanted in main field at 15 July, 30 July, 15 August, 30 August and 15 September to create natural variation of temperature and photoperiod. Standard cultivation procedures were followed for all the transplanting dates. Fertilizers viz. nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur and zinc were uniformly applied corresponding to the rate of 75-20-40-10-2 kg ha^-1 in the form of urea, triple super phosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum and zinc sulphate, respectively as per BARC fertilizer recommendation guide (BARC, 2005). The urea was top dressed in two installments as per the recommendation guide. Pollen sterility test was furnished through microscopic observation (Khatun and Flowers, 1995). Florets having anthers just after anthesis were brought to the laboratory for immediate microscopic observations. One drop of the potassium iodide (KI) solution was taken in a slide and then the anthers were ruptured by mild tapping within the KI drop. The pollen cells with cytoplasm took stain and became red while those devoid of cytoplasm did not take any stain. The slides prepared with KI and pollen grains were placed under the objective of microscope to count sterile (non-stained) and non- sterile pollens (stained). At the time of anthesis ten representative spikelets from ten different plants were collected from each cultivar from each replication for the different transplanting dates. Pollen grains were collected from the representative spikelets of the second or third branch from top on the primary rachis. The spikelets were xed in 50% ethanol soon after collection and stained with 1% potassium iodide (KI) solution for sterility measurement. Pollen sterility was estimated as the ratio of number of stained pollens to the total number of pollens within the focus area of the microscope and expressed as percentage. From each plot immediately after anthesis randomly five panicles were harvested and then taken to the laboratory. The panicles were dried in oven at 80^oC for 24 hours and 100 spikelets from the five panicles were randomly separated and their gross weight was recorded in an electronic balance. The same procedure was followed for both the variety for each of the five transplanting dates at five days interval after anthesis to maturity. Data obtained were analyzed and plotted in graphical forms for final presentation. Before final harvesting at maturity ten hills were randomly selected in each unit plot and those were harvested separately to record the panicle length, filled grains panicle^-1, spikelet sterility, grain & straw yield and harvest index. Maximum and minimum air temperature during the experimental period were collected from the weather yard station of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh and presented in graphical form in the text of the article. Harvest index (HI) is the ratio of economic yield to biological yield (Gardner et al., 1985). It was calculated by using the following formula Harvest index (%) = Economic yield/Biological yield x 100; The data collected on different parameters under the experiments were statistically analyzed to obtain the level of significance using the computer MSTAT package program developed by Russel (1986). The differences between pairs of means were compared by Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) as stated by Gomez and Gomez (1984).

Source of Information: Progressive Agriculture 27 (4): 400-408, 2016

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/pa.v27i4.32119

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results suggested that 30 July transplantation appeared to be optimum for harvesting high yield in Aman season and hybrid rice (Heera-4) may not be profitable for cultivation in Aman season.

Knowledge Management: Journal