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Impacts of Climatic Variables on Cyclone in the Coastal Regions of Bangladesh

MAM Hossen
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202

MA Farukh
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202

MS Hossen
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202

MA Badhan
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202

H. Biswas
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202

MA Rahman
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Geographical position of Bangladesh makes it vulnerable to several extreme weather events like cyclone in the southern part due to extreme climatological events. Therefore, in this study, we had mainly tried to study on the variations of temperature, relative humidity (RH) and sunshine hours (SH) in the coastal areas to find out its effect on the formation of cyclone. Data from 1975-2014 of these climatic variables was provided by the Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) and analyzed with the statistical tool MS Excel 2010 as per objective of the study. Results showed that in the 16 stations, temperature has shown homogenous trend where it has seen that in all the stations the T_mean and T_max were ranging from 18⁰C to 30⁰C and 28⁰C to 42⁰C respectively. In maximum stations, the T_maxand extreme T_mean has found in the months of April and May which is a cyclone occurring month. Again RH_maxhas mostly found in the post monsoon season where RH_meanis ranging 84~88% mainly in the Khulna, Mongla, Khepupara and Barisal areas, may have profound influence on the formation of cyclone especially in this area. SH_maxhas found in the month April where the highest was about 12.08 hr. These higher amounts of temperature play profound influence in increasing temperature in the studied areas which have direct consequences on cyclone events. So, extreme temperature, RH and SH in these months may had profound influence on the formation of cyclone. These information could be very useful to the related scientists to study on several extreme weather events due to variation of temperature especially on cyclogenesis which are a most common devastating phenomenon for the coastal areas like Bangladesh.

Keywords: Extreme weather, Climatic variables, Variation of temperature, Cyclogenesis

Location: Satkhira, Khulna, Mongla, Khepupara, Barishal, Bhola, Patuakhali, Hatiya, Chandpur, Feni, Sandwip, Sitakunda, Chittagong, Kutubdia, Cox’s Bazar and Teknaf

Start Date: 00-00-1975

End Date: 00-00-2014

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Non-commodity: Adoption and mitigation technology

Objectives:

To find out the variability of temperature, RH and SH in terms of cyclone events in the coastal region of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The coastal area of Bangladesh surrounding the BB was selected as the study area. Satkhira, Khulna, Mongla, Khepupara, Barishal, Bhola, Patuakhali, Hatiya, Chandpur, Feni, Sandwip, Sitakunda, Chittagong, Kutubdia, Cox’s Bazar and Teknaf was our study area. In this study, daily weather data of temperature, sunshine hours (SH) and relative humidity (RH) were analyzed which were obtained from Bangladesh Meteorological Department, Agargaon, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The collected data were three hourly daily temperature (⁰C), average air temperature (⁰C), maximum air temperature (⁰C), minimum air temperature (⁰C), three hourly relative humidity (%) and sunshine hours (hr.). To compare the parameter, weather data from the indicated stations were carefully analyzed. All the collected data were then compiled, tabulated, and analyzed according to the objectives of the study. Daily average air temperature (⁰C), maximum air temperature (⁰C), minimum air temperature (⁰C), three hourly relative humidity (%) and sunshine hours (hr.) were calculated using frequently used statistical software Minitab and MS Excel 2010 to analyze the variation and trend lines. The box plotting shows in the figure expose the long term mean, mean+SD and mean-SD of temperature, RH and SH in these regions. The line through the box plot indicating the mean value of temperature, RH and SH. Upper portion of the box shows the mean+SD and the lower portion of the box shows the mean-SD value. The red, blue and red markers in the three types of graph represent the maximum temperature, RH and SH while the purple, green and blue markers represent the minimum temperature, RH and SH respectively in the definite area. In the results and discussion part few stations has discussed among the 16 stations based on mostly affected areas of cyclone from 1975-2014.

Source of Information: Progressive Agriculture 27 (3): 272-284, 2016

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/pa.v27i3.30807

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In this study, we mainly tried to find out the temperature, RH and SH variations in the coastal area and also their possible effect for the formation of cyclone. Data of this climatic variable was provided by the Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD). Then these data were analyzed as per objectives of the study. Temperature in the 16 stations has shown homogenous trend where it has seen that in all the stations the T_mean is ranging from 18⁰C to 30⁰C in throughout the year where the T_max is ranging from 28⁰C to 42⁰C. In maximum stations, the T_max and extreme T_mean has found in the months of April and May which is a cyclone occurring month. So, extreme temperature in these months may have profound influence for the formation of cyclone. Again, among the coastal areas, Satkhira region has showed the highest T_mean which makes the area more vulnerable to the formation of cyclone. Again Cox’s Bazar has showed increasing trend (different from others) in the month of October which may have influence on the formation of cyclone for this area. RH_max has mostly found in the post monsoon season may have profound influence on the formation of cyclone. Among the 16 stations, Khulna, Mongla, Khepupara and Barisal area are mostly responsible for creating deep depression if RH plays any role to the formation of cyclone, as the highest amount of RH has found in this area. SH_max has mostly found in the month April where the highest was about 12.08 hr. These higher amount of temperature play profound influence in increasing temperature in the studied areas which have direct consequences on cyclone events. So, these variations of temperature, RH and SH in these regions could be very useful to study on cyclone event swhich are a most common phenomenon for the coastal area like Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal