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Sea Level Pressure Variation and Major Cyclone Events in Coastal Regions of Bangladesh

MA Badhan
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

MA Farukh
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

MA Baten
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

MAM Hosssen
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

S Biswas
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

MS Parvej
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted in 16 coastal district viz. Satkhira, Khulna, Mongla, Khepupara, Barishal, Bhola, Patuakhali, Hatiya, Chandpur, Feni, Swandip, Sitakunda, Chittagong, Kutubdia, Coxs Bazar and Teknaf of Bangladesh during the period of 1975-2014 to investigate the variation of sea level pressure (SLP) and rainfall. SLP data of 40 years (1975-2014) have been analyzed in this study. The SLP was increasing slightly to the month of September and then a rapid increasing was observed from the month of October to December. Of all the stations, in the month of June and July the lowest SLP was observed in the Khulna region and highest in Teknaf. In the month of December and January the highest and lowest SLP was found in the Month of January. As the fluctuation of SLP was high in the summer season the possibility of cyclone occurrence also rise in this season. The average rainfall is lowest in the station Sitakunda and highest in Swandip. The average rainfall of all district divided the stations into two parts. The rainfall of Barishal, Bhola, Chandpur, Mongla, Sitakunda and Khulna is lower the average of all district. This shows a great instability of weather in these regions. Rest of the stations has the higher average rainfall than the average rainfall of all stations.

Keywords: Sea level pressure, Southern coastal region, Cyclone

Location: Satkhira, Khulna, Mongla, Khepupara, Barishal, Bhola, Patuakhali, Hatiya, Chandpur, Feni, Swandip, Sitakunda, Chittagong, Kutubdia, Cox’s Bazar and Teknaf.

Start Date: 00-00-1975

End Date: 00-00-2014

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Non-commodity: Adoption and mitigation technology

Objectives:

To find out the SLP and rainfall variation in southern coastal region of Bangladesh and relation of sea level pressure (SLP) and rainfall with cyclogenesis.

Methodology:

This study was conducted in the southern coastal region of Bangladesh. Bangladesh is located between 20^o to 26^o North and 88^o to 92^o East. It is bordered on the west, north and east by India, on the south-east by Myanmar, and on the south by the BB. Most of the country is low-lying land comprising mainly the delta of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers. Floodplains occupy 80% of the country. Mean elevations range from less than 1 meter on tidal floodplains, 1 to 3 meters on the main river and estuarine floodplains, and up to 6 meters in the Sylhet basin in the north-east (Rashid, 1991). Only in the extreme northwest are elevations greater than 30 meters above the mean sea level. The northeast and southeast portions of the country are hilly, with some tertiary hills over 1000 meters above mean sea level (Huq and Asaduzzaman, 1999). We conducted our study in Satkhira, Khulna, Mongla, Khepupara, Barishal, Bhola, Patuakhali, Hatiya, Chandpur, Feni, Swandip, Sitakunda, Chittagong, Kutubdia, Cox’s Bazar and Teknaf. Bangladeshi coastal areas faced fifty two major cyclones in the 19^th century. During last 10 years of the present century, coastal areas have faced at least four devastating cyclones. The number of death and loss of socio-economic condition are also increasing with the increasing number of cyclones. The in-situ data of climatic variables was collected from Bangladesh Meteorological department (BMD) at 16 measuring points from 1975 to 2014. All the collected data were then compiled, tabulated, and analyzed according to the objectives of the study. Weather data, sea level pressure (SLP) in hPa were calculated using frequently used statistical software MS Excel-2010 to analyze the variation and trend line. MS Office Picture Manager and Paint were applied to analyze data as per objectives of the study.

Source of Information: Progressive Agriculture 27 (3): 285-295, 2016

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/pa.v27i3.30808

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study was conducted to investigate the variation of SLP in southern coastal region of Bangladesh from 1975 to 2014. We investigate the association of SLP with extreme cyclone events. The SLP was increasing slightly to the month of September and then a rapid increasing was observed from the month of October to December. Of all the stations in the month of June and July the lowest SLP was observed in the Khulna region and highest in Teknaf. In the month of December and January the highest and lowest SLP was found in the Month of January. As the fluctuation of SLP was high in the summer season the possibility of cyclone occurrence also rise in this season.SLP is the most important factor that has a role behind the cyclone occurrence. The trend of SLP in the 16 stations we studied shows a homogenous curve where from December to July SLP decreases and then it stared to increase. Sudden fluctuation of SLP was found in most of the station in the month of April-May when most of the cyclones occur. Rainfall association with cyclone is very common phenomena that cause storm surges. In May-June, rainfall is highest in all of 16 stations. So a sudden storm surge caused by rainfall can resulted in a prolonged flood or flush flood. The average rainfall of all district divided the stations into two parts. The rainfall of Barishal, Bhola, Chandpur, Mongla, Sitakunda and Khulna is lower the average of all district. This shows a great instability of weather in these regions. Rest of the stations has the higher average rainfall than the average rainfall of all stations.

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