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Occurrence of Giardia in the Effluents of a Waste Water Treatment Plant in Dhaka

Hamida Khanum
Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Sharmili Shanjida Khanam
Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Masuma Sultana
Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Md. Hafiz Uddin
Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Ripon Chandra Dhar
Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Md. Sirazul Islam
Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Laboratory Sciences Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, G.P.O. Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study was designed for the qualitative and quantitative detection of Giardia in the Pagla Sewage Treatment Plant (PSTP) in Dhaka. The physico-chemical parameters of the sewage water were also recorded. Total 72 raw and treated samples were collected from PSTP throughout the year 2008 and these were processed with the Formol-Ether Concentration method and IMS followed by microscopy to identify Giardia in the sewage water. The protozoan parasite Giardia was abundant (2.23±1.44 × 105 cyst/l) in the sewage water dominating the sampling sites-Grit chamber (44%), Measuring chamber (34%) and Outlet lagoon (38%). A low abundance of Giardia in the PSTP starting from the first point to the last one indicates the waste water treatment efficiency for removal of the pathogen. A significant correlation was found for log (number of Giardia +1) with turbidity (r= 0.729) and TDS (r= 0.536) at 0.01 level.

Keywords: Giardiasis, Formol-Ether Concentration Method, IMS, Abundance, Correlation, Turbidity, TDS.

Location: Pagla Sewage Treatment Project (PSTP) in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Start Date: 13-02-2008

End Date: 03-03-2008

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Contamination

Objectives:

The present study was aimed to monitor treatment efficiency of the effluents of Pagla Sewage Treatment Plant using selected novel and classical physicchemical and biological indicators. The qualitative and quantitative detection of Giardia for assessing physico-chemical parameters were also studied.

Methodology:

In the Pagla Sewage Treatment Project (PSTP) in Dhaka, 72 effluent samples were collected fortnightly in 24 successful rounds. The samples were collected from three separate points- raw sample from Grit Chamber, reservoir sample from Measuring Chamber and treated sample from Outlet Lagoon of the PSTP. From each sampling site 2L effluent samples were collected from 13th February to 3rd March 2008. All the samples were immediately transferred to the laboratory for parasitological examination and detection of chemical parameters. Parasitological examination: Samples were processed by Formol-Ether Concentration Method following a light microscopy to observe the parasites. Due to minute size, attachment to particulate matter in the sample and relatively few in number in external environment make Giardia cysts very difficult to detect. To overcome this problem a recent method IMS was performed. Giardia cysts were isolated by the method using the Dynabeads GC-Combo IMS kit (Invitrogen Dynal AS, Oslo, Norway) according to the manufacturer’s instruction. Physico-Chemical parameters detection: A portion of each collected sample was used to test different physico-chemical parameters by laboratory expertise using standard electronic meters. Data analysis: Data were analyzed by using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Zool. 39(2): 147-156, 2011

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Environmental protection is the original motivation for water reuse, with technologies developed for the safe reintroduction of treated waste water into the environment. To protect the surface water from pollution and contamination effective treatment and management of wastewater is a must. The reuse of recycled waste water could become an important water management option both to shore up conventional resources and to reduce the environmental impact of discharges. From the present study a better understanding of the influence of physico-chemical parameters on the treatment efficiency of PSTP was obtained. As the treated water from PSTP is directly discharged into Buriganga River which embanks Dhaka city, it’s very important.

Knowledge Management: Journal