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Gene Action and Combining Ability Assessment of Field Corn (zea Mays L.) Using Line × Tester Mating Design

S.S. Alam
Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh

M. Amiruzzaman
Chief Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh

S. Begum
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh

A. Ahmed
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh

F. Alam
Senior Scientific Officer
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An elite parental line with good combining ability is mandatory for hybrid-oriented breeding program. In this study, line × tester mating design was used to determine combining ability, type of gene action, genetic variance of yield and yield contributing characters for selecting superior parents of field corn (maize). Ten S5 lines of commercial hybrid NT 6323 were crossed with 2 testers in a line × tester mating design and the resulting 20 crosses along with the parents and standard checks BHM 9, NK 40 and 900 M GOLD were evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated twice, during rabi season, 2015-16 at the experimental field of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh. There were significant differences among the lines for days to 50% silking, plant height, ear height and number of grains per row whereas both testers were insignificant for all the traits though they were from different heterotic group of maize. No significant difference was observed for line × tester interaction except thousand grain weight and yield. Mean squares due to genotype, parents, parents versus crosses and crosses were significant for the most studied traits. Estimation of variance due to GCA, SCA and their ratio revealed intensive non-additive gene effects for all the traits except ear height. Lines NT 6323/S5-21-1-2 and NT 6323/S5-49-1 exhibited significant negative GCA effect for both plant height and ear height. Only NT 6323/S5-50-1line displayed significant negative GCA effect for both of the traits days to 50% tasseling and days to 50% silking. Therefore, lines NT 6323/S5-21-1-2 and NT 6323/S5-49-1 could be used to develop dwarf variety and line NT 6323/S5-50-1for short duration variety. NT 6323/S5-27-1, NT 6323/S5-44-1 and NT 6323/S5-50-1 were good general combiners for grain yield and some of the important yield contributing characters. Cross combinations NT 6323/S5-50-1 x BIL 79 and NT 6323/S5-27-1 × BIL 28 showed significant positive SCA effects for grain yield along with high mean performance could be recommended for high yielding commercial hybrid variety development after further advanced maize breeding program.

Keywords: Maize, General combining ability, Specific combining ability,

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Start Date: 00-00-2015

End Date: 00-00-2016

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Maize

Objectives:

The main objective of this study is to find out and assess superior lines of maize, compare the performances of testers to evaluate the inbred lines, to identify the best crosses relative to commercial check hybrid variety on the basis of combining ability of testers, lines and their crosses.

Methodology:

Ten newly developed phenotypically selected inbred lines of field corn viz., NT 6323/S₅-18-1, NT 6323/S₅-21- 1-2, NT 6323/S₅-21-2-2, NT 6323/S₅-23-1, NT 6323/S₅-27-1, NT 6323/S₅-35-1, NT 6323/S₅-44-1, NT 6323/S₅- 45-3, NT 6323/S₅-49-1 and NT 6323/S₅-50-1 were crossed with two testers viz., BIL 28 and BIL 79 during rabi season, 2014-15 at the experimental field of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh. The resulting 20 F₁ crosses along with three standard checks (BHM 9, NK 40 and 900 M GOLD) and all the parents (lines and testers) were evaluated in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two replications in the same location during subsequent rabi season, 2015-16. Two border rows were sown at both side of each replication to minimize the border effect. Each entry was sown in single row of 4m length with a spacing of 60 cm between rows and 25 cm between the plants respectively. One healthy seedling was kept after thinning at 4-5 leaf stage. Fertilizers were applied at 250, 55, 110, 40, 5 and 1 Kg ha^-1 of N, P, K, S, Zn and B respectively, following recommended procedure. All the necessary agronomic practices were carried out. The data on five quantitative characters of plant height (cm), ear height (cm), ear length (cm), number of grains per row and 1000 grain weight (g) were recorded on ten randomly selected competitive plants in each replication, whereas days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking and grain yield were recorded on plot basis and yield was then finally converted to ton/ha following the formula defined by Carrangal et al. (1971). Combining ability analysis was computed according to the model given by Kempthorne (1957).

Source of Information: Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. 12(2):11-16 (May 2017)

Article Link (Online Journal): http://ggfjournals.com/e-journals archive

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This study revealed that good general combining ability effects for some physiological traits, yield and important yield contributing traits were noticed in the lines NT 6323/S₅-27-1, NT 6323/S₅-44-1, NT 6323/S₅-50- 1, NT 6323/S₅-21-1-2 and NT 6323/S₅-49-1. These parents can serve the purpose of superior single crosses production. Hence, these inbred lines have the potential application in the crop improvement program. High specific combining ability effects for grain yield and important yield contributing characters were observed in NT 6323/S₅-27-1 × BIL 28, NT 6323/S₅-44-1 × BIL 28 and NT 6323/S₅-50-1 × BIL 79 with high mean value for yield compare to the best check 900 M GOLD. These crosses were selected based on the SCA effects of yield, some yield contributing components with high mean values and overall field performances and could be advanced for commercial hybrid development after verifying the performance in over locations.

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