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Assessment on the Level of Contamination of Turag River at Tongi Area in Dhaka

K. S. Ahmed*
Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh

A. K. M. L. Rahman
Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh

M. Sarkar
Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh

J. B. Islam
Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh

I. A. Jahan
Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh

M. Moniruzzaman
Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh

B. Saha
Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh

N. C. Bhoumik
Wazed Miah Science Research Centre, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Assessment on the level of pollution of Turag river water was performed by measuring various physico-chemical parameters. Water samples were collected five times in a year both dry and rainy season at five different locations: Bishwa Ijtema field, Tongi Bridge, Kachare ghate, River side of Dhaka Dying and Effluent of Dhaka Dying. Most of the measured parameters exceeded the permissible limit of standard level. Values for different parameters at different points were recorded such as Temperature (T): 23.9 to 31.2°C, pH: 7.2 to 10.1, Salinity: 64 to 933 ppm, Total dissolved solid (TDS): 90 to 1244 ppm, Electrical Conductivity (EC): 135 to 1856 µs/cm, Dissolve oxygen (DO): 0.5 to 3.6 mg/L and Chemical oxygen demand (COD): 220 to 1170 mg/L. The concentration (ppm) of heavy metals were also observed such as Chromium (Cr) 0.0339 to 0.6334, Cadmium (Cd) 0.0068 to 0.0170, Nickel (Ni) 0.1282 to 0.6207, Cooper (Cu) 0.0148 to 0.1703 and Zink (Zn) 0.0366 to 0.1890 at dry season. The values of different parameters determined are above the safe limits recommended by DoE, EQS and WHO. Therefore, it can be concluded that water relieved from selected locations were not suitable for human consumption during the period of experiments.

Keywords: Turag River water; Water quality parameters; Dhaka Dying Effluent; Heavy metals; Level of toxicity

Location: Bishwa Ijtema Field (B.I.F), Tongi Bridge (T.B), Kachari Ghate (K.G), River side of Dhaka Dying (R.S.D.D) and Effluent of Dhaka Dying (E.D.D)

Start Date: 00-12-2012

End Date: 00-08-2013

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Contamination, Heavy metal

Objectives:

To study the water quality and the level of toxicity through heavy metals such as Cr, Cd, Ni, Cu, and Zn were measured at different locations of Turag River and Dhaka Dying Effluent (a dying industry situated on the bank of Turag River).

Methodology:

Study area Assessment of contamination on river water and industrial effluent were performed from December 2012 to August 2013. Water samples were collected near Bishwa Ijtema Field (B.I.F), Tongi Bridge (T.B), Kachari Ghate (K.G), River side of Dhaka Dying (R.S.D.D) and Effluent of Dhaka Dying (E.D.D). Bishwa Ijtema field which receives various kinds of wastes. Pilgrims staying at the riverside for 6 to 8 days without proper sanitation system contribute to the pollution at the Bishwa Ijtema side of the Turag River. Second Sampling site was Tongi Bridge which also polluted by sanitation system, municipal west and various Industries. Third Sampling site was Kachari Ghate which polluted by Paper industries and municipal sewage drainage. The highest polluted sampling sides were river side of Dhaka Dying and Effluent of Dhaka Dying which polluted by various chemical used in Dying industry. Sample collection and analysis Samples were collected by using plastic bottles of 500 mL. Before sample collection, bottles were cleaned by detergent and then it was treated with 5% HNO3acid overnight and finally washed with de-ionized water followed by repeated washing with sample water so as to avoid contamination. All the samples were taken with grab sampling. After sampling, the bottles were kept in air tight and labeled correctly for identification. The parameters, pH was measured using Twin pH meter (B-211, Horiba, Japan), DO was measured using Dissolved Oxygen meter (YK-22 DO meter, Taiwan). TDS, salinity, conductivity and temperature were measured by instrumentally using multimeter (CTS-406K, Taiwan). COD were measured by titrimetric method using K₂Cr₂O₇as oxidizing agent. Concentration of heavy metals such as Cr, Cd, Ni, Cu, and Zn in the River water and industrial Effluent were determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS Shamizu 7000) using standard analytical method. Correlations of parameters were done using Minitab V-13.0 software.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.51(3), 193-202, 2016

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Almost all physicochemical parameters were found above the danger level. Some essential parameters such as DO was severely low and accordingly COD was found very high at River side of Dhaka Dying points for Turag river water and Effluent of Dhaka Dying points for Effluent during December, 2012 to February, 2013 which is completely unfavorable for aquatic life. During February, 2013 River side of Dhaka Dying showed the high value of salinity, TDS and EC as 585 ppm, 795 ppm and 1194 µs/cm respectively. At the same time Effluent of Dhaka Dying showed 933 ppm, 1244 ppm and 1856 µs/cm respectively. Bishwa Ijtema Field and Tongi Brize highly polluted by Cr as 0.2408 ppm and 0.6334 ppm respectively but all the points (Bishwa Ijtema Field, Tongi Brize, Kachari Ghate, River side of Dhaka. Dying and Effluent of Dhaka Dying) are polluted by Ni as 0.6207 ppm, 0.4864 ppm, 0.1697 ppm, 0.1282 ppm and 0.1399 ppm respectively during dry season, 2013. Different types of metal industries and other industries are responsible for high value of EC, salinity, TDS and heavy metal. Effluent of Dhaka Dying is not only responsible for the source of heavy metal rather it supply from other industries. Therefore, it can be concluded that the pollution of Turag water reached at a critical point. In order to decrease pollution from various sources, appropriate action must be taken immediately. However, to protect the ecology and environment as a whole of the study area following attempts should be taken by the concern authority: (i) establish a pollution free technology such as Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP) at every industry, (ii) to avoid any kinds of pollution, consciousness is needed, so people should be aware to their work and increase awareness among industrialists about the pollution problem and their legal and social responsibility to prevent it.

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