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Effect of Different Levels of Seed Infection with Black Point (bipolaris Sorokiniana) and Population Density on the Leaf Blight Severity and Yield Attributes of Wheat

M.N. Islam
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.

F. Begum
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.

N. Sultana
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.

F.M. Aminuzzaman
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of seed infection levels and population density on leaf blight severity and yield of wheat. Three population density viz. 200 seeds/m², 300 seeds/m² and 400 seeds/m² and six seed infection levels viz. 0%, 5.1-15%, 15.1-25%, 25.1-35%, 35.1-45% and 45.1-60% were used. Maximum leaf spot severity in flag leaf stage (0.36), panicle initiation stage (0.64), flowering stage (1.57), milk stage (1.84) and hard dough stage (2.30) was found in the interaction between sowing seeds @ 400 seeds/m² with 45.1-60% seed infection level. In every growth stage of the plant significantly lower leaf blight severity was recorded in the interaction between 200 seeds/m² with sowing of 0.0% infected seeds. Similar trends in disease severity were recorded on penultimate leaf in above mentioned growth stage. Significantly higher number of grains/ear (58.00) and healthy grains/ear (55.67) was recorded in 0% seed infection with a seed rate of 200 seeds/m². Lower number of diseased grains/ear (2.33) were recorded in 45-60% seed contamination with 400 seeds/m² and 0% seed contamination with 200 seeds/m². Weight of diseased grains/ear ranged from 0.07 g to 0.75 g where the lowest value was recorded under 0% seed contamination X 200 seeds/m² treatment combination. Significantly higher (45.60) grain weight of 1000 seeds was recorded with the treatments 0% seed infection with a seed rate of 200 seeds/m². Straw yield under different treatment combinations ranged from 3.17-4.21 t/ha where the highest straw yield was obtained under the treatment combination of T1 X 200 seeds/m². Grain yield was the highest (3.43 t/ha) when healthy seeds (0% infection) were sown @ 200 seeds/m².

Keywords: Black point, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Leaf spot, Plant population, Wheat

Location: Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka

Start Date: 00-05-2011

End Date: 00-04-2012

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fungal Disease, Wheat

Objectives:

To determine the effect of different levels of seed infection by Bipolaris sorokiniana on growth, leaf blight severity and yield of wheat.
To study the effect of different plant population density on plant growth, leaf blight (B. sorokiniana) severity and yield of wheat.
To determine the interaction of seed infection and population density on the plant growth, leaf blight severity and yield of wheat.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory, net house and field laboratory of the Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during May 2011 to April 2012. Seeds of leaf blight susceptible wheat variety ‘Sonalika’ was used in this study. Seeds were collected from Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur. To make different levels of seed contamination by Bipolaris sorokiniana, the collected seeds were mixed with black point infected wheat seeds at six different proportions to determine the development of leaf blight/spot disease. The treatments were: T₁ (0% seed contamination), T₂ (5.1-15% seed contamination), T₃ (15.1-25% seed contamination), T₄ (25.1-35% contamination), T₅ (35.1-45% seed contamination) and T₆ (45.1-60% seed contamination). Firstly, black pointed seeds were separated from healthy looking golden colored seed by manual seed sorting. Secondly, different level of seed contamination was prepared by mixing of healthy seeds and black pointed seeds and the levels of seed infection were confirmed by subsequent laboratory seed health Blotter test (ISTA 1996). Field experiment: The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications. The experimental unit was divided into three blocks. Each block was divided into three main plots in which different population density was assigned randomly. Each main plot was further divided into six sub-plots where different levels of seed infection were allotted randomly. The total number of unit plots in the entire experiment was 3×3×6 = 54. Size of each unit plot was 2 m×1.5 m. The distance between sub plots was 0.5 m and between blocks was 1 m. The treatments were: (A) Main plots- 200 seed/m², 300 seed/m² and 400 seed/m²; (B) Sub plots- T₁ (0% seed contamination, T₂ (5.1-15% seed contamination), T₃ (15.1-25% seed contamination), T₄ (25.1-35% seed contamination), T₅ (35.1-45% seed contamination) and T₆ (45.1-60% seed contamination). Wheat seeds were sown in the field on 20th November, 2011. A total of 30 plants/plot were tagged for rating and mean values were determined to get rating score of each treatment. The crop was harvested at full ripening stage on 3 April, 2012. Leaf blight severity of flag leaf and penultimate leaf was determined in five growth stages of plant namely- flag leaf stage, panicle initiation stage, flowering stage, milk stage and hard dough stage. The leaf blight severity was determined following 0-5 grade of Hossain and Azad (1992) where 0 = No infection (Highly resistant), 1 = Few minute lesions on leaves (Resistant), 2 = Black lesion with no distinct chlorotic halos covering ≤10% of the leaf area (Moderately resistant), 3 = Typical lesions surrounded by distinct chlorotic halos covering 10-50% of the leaf area (Moderately susceptible), 4 = Severe lesions on leaves with ample necrotic zones drying over part of the leaf, covering ≥50 % of the leaf (Susceptible) and 5 = Severe infection, drying of the leaf, spike infected to some extend (Highly susceptible). The collected data for different parameters were compiled and tabulated in proper form. Appropriate statistical analysis was made by MSTAT Computer Package program. The treatment means were compared by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

Source of Information: Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. 13 (1):10-20 (August 2018)

Article Link (Online Journal): http://ggfjournals.com/e-journals archive

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Highly infected seeds along with increased seed rate cause increased leaf blight (Bipolaris sorokiniana) of wheat. Clean seed and optimum seed rate can reduce leaf blight problem in wheat.

Knowledge Management: Journal