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Characterization of Jute and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester Based Hybrid Composite

M. R. Hassan
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. A. Gafur
PP & PDC, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh

A. A. Rana
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. R. Qadir
PP & PDC, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh

S. M. Masum
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh

A. M. Sarwaruddin Chowdhury
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. M. Karim*
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

In this research work an attempt is made to fabricate a hybrid composite material with hessian cloth (natural fiber) and glass fiber (synthet ic fiber) in polyester matrix using hand lay-up process and testing was performed by ASTM standards. Main objective of this research work is to investigate the effects of use of natural fiber in the composite material with the synthetic fiber. Experimental results revealed that hybridization of composite with natural and synthetic fibers shows promising tensile strength, flexural strength and hardness. Among the hybrid composites one with the composition of three layers of glass fibers and two layers of hessian cloth (jute fiber) showed highest ten sile strength and flexural strength which were found 104.63 MPa and 134.65 MPa respectively. Water absorption was high in composites having higher hessian cloth content than glass fiber. Composite with high glass fiber content showed high hardness which was 39.9 HV.

Keywords: Polyester; Jute and glass fiber; Tensile strength; Flexural strength; Hardness

Location: Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Jute

Objectives:

In this present work natural fiber reinforced composite, synthetic fiber composite, and hybrid composite were fabricated using hand lay-up technique with same polymer matrix to the reinforcement ratio. Composites were compared by observing the effect of natural fibre reinforcement on glass fibre reinforced composite. Mechanical properties were also analyzed. All the tests were conducted as per ASTM procedures

Methodology:

Materials The raw materials used in this research work were hessian cloth (jute fiber), glass fiber sheet, U-polyester resin, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP), styrene monomers, and silica powder. Hessian cloth made from the jute fiber was used in the composite fabrication. Glass fiber fabric of 0.25mm thickness and Hessian cloth of jute fiber of 0.3mm thickness were given from the pilot plant and process development centre of Bangladesh council of scientific and industrial research (PP-PDC, BCSIR). The composition of glass fiber was SiO₂ 54%, Al₂O₃ 14.5%, B₂O₃ 10%, CaO 16.5%, MgO 4% and others 1%. U-polyester resin, MEKP and styrene monomer were collected from the local market or more specifically from Naseem Plastic Corp. Bangladesh who imports these chemicals in Bangladesh for industrial purposes. 40% fiber was used in this investigation. Composite fabrication procedure All the specimens of composites in this work were fabricated using hand lay-up process of composite manufacturing.The major instruments and apparatus used for the fabrication of the composites were Paul-Otto Weber Presser Hydraulic press, Digital Balance, Open molds and Vacuum Oven (Memmert VO200cool). Hessian cloth was dried in the oven at 57-60^oC temperature overnight for moisture removal from the cloth. Hessian cloth and glass fiber sheet were cut down to the desired size which were 6 inch × 6 inch sheets with the help of scissors. The composites were made with the fiber percentage of 40%. All materials used in the synthesis were weighed by the digital balance. Polymer matrix was made with the composition of U-polyester resin 87%, styrene monomer 12%, and MEKP 1%. Weighed U-polyester resin, styrene monomer and MEKP were mixed in a plastic cup by stirring with a stainless steel stirrer. Mullet paper was taken, on the mullet paper one fiber sheet was placed and then the polymer resin was applied on it. After that another fiber sheet was applied on the previous one. Process went on as five layers of fiber are sandwiched together with the polymer resin. Then the sandwiched composite was placed into the open mold. The mold was then inserted to the Paul-Otto Weber Presser Hydraulic press machine. The machine was set at 100 KN pressure applied on to the composite for 6 hours as curing took place. After that open mold was ejected from the Paul-Otto Weber Presser Hydraulic press machine and the cured composite was taken out from the mold. Experimental procedure All the characterization tests were performed at Pilot Plant and Process Development Center of Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research.Tensile strength tests of the composites were carried out according to the test procedure ASTM D638 on Universal Testing Machine (Hounsfield UTM10KN H10KS). The specimens were placed in the grips and were pulled at a speed of 2mm/min until failure occurred. An extensometer is used to determine elongation and tensile modulus.Flexural tests of the composite were also carried out on the Universal Testing Machine (Hounsfield UTM10KN H10KS) by following the procedure ASTM D790 3 point loading. The specimen was placed on two supports and load was applied at the center.Water absorption test were carried out according to ASTM D570 procedure. Samples were dried for 24hr in oven, cooled and then weighed. The oven-dried samples were immersed in water for 24 hours at room temperature and then dried before weight measurement. Then the samples were regularly weighed at 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168, 192 hours respectively.Micro hardness test of the composites were carried out on Shimadzu micro-hardness tester HMV-2series. The test load was set at 245.2mN (HV0.025). Thermal properties of the composites were determined by Shimadzu TG/DTA 630. All the experimental tests were repeated five times so that accurate result can be obtained.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 51(2), 81-88, 2016

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the experimental study on physical and mechanical behavior of jute and glass fiber reinforced polyester based hybrid composites it can be concluded that optimum incorporation of synthetic fiber with natural fiber increases overall strength of the hybrid composite. Such as the fiber loading and orientation significantly influences the different properties of composites. The maximum tensile strength was obtained for the composite 'C4' of all other hybrid composites having glass fiber on the external layer. On the other hand tensile strength of composite which contains one extra glass layer and one layer less jute fiber had shown less tensile strength than the composite 'C4'. Flexural strength results of the composites show that composite C4 have the high flexural strength than the other hybrid composites. The water absorption rate was higher in the composite having high jute fiber content than glass fiber. Micro hardness test revealed an increase in hardness property of the composites as the synthetic fiber content was increased. Thermal analysis show that the composite having glass fiber content higher in ratio than jute fiber is more stable thermally.The results indicate that in this research work the optimum composition of fibers in the composite was three layers of glass fiber and two layers of jute fiber.

Knowledge Management: Journal