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Retrospective Study of Some Poultry Diseases at Gaibandha District in Bangladesh

A. Islam
REAP Program, Mennonite Central Committee, Bangladesh

A. A. Trisha
Livestock Training Institute, Gaibandha

M. Das
Bay Agro Industries Ltd. Dhaka-215, Bangladesh

M. R. Amin
Field Disease Investigation Laboratory, Gaibandha, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A total of 325 chickens, duck and pigeon, dead or sick, brought for diagnosis to the FDIL (field disease investigation laboratory), Guibandha during the period from July, 2005 to June, 2006 were taken into consideration in this study to know the seasonal occurrence of diseases and their comparison and to identify the effect of season and age for developing the diseases. Among the examined birds 251 were chicken including local and commercial birds, 67 were ducks and 7 were pigeon. The diagnosed diseases were parasitic diseases including coccidiosis, ascaridiosis and schistosomiasis; viral diseases including new castle disease (ND), infectious bursal disease (IBD), avian leucosis (AL) and duck plague (DP), bacterial diseases including salmonellosis, pasteurellosis and colibacillosis, non-infectious diseases including ascites, egg bound, cannibalism and fatty liver hemorrhagic disease, MC complex (mycoplasmosis-colibacillosis complex) and fungal infection including aspergillosis. The occurrence of parasitic diseases (86.2%) was the highest, followed by viral diseases (32.6%), bacterial diseases (25.8%) and non-infectious diseases (12.9%). In chickens the occurrence of parasitic diseases was the highest (88.4%) followed by bacterial diseases (28.3%), viral diseases (27.1%), non-infectious diseases (16.30%), MC complex (3.6%) and aspergillosis (1.6%). Bacterial diseases were significantly (p<0.05) higher in winter as well as in rainy season compared to summer season. Occurrence of pasteurellosis was significantly (p<0.05) higher in winter (p<0.05) and rainy (p<0.01) season compared to summer season. Parasitic diseases were significantly (p<0.01) higher in winter (97.2%) compared to summer (83.3%). The occurrence of coccidiosis was 88% and it was significantly (p<0.01) higher in winter (97.2%) compared to summer (82.2%). Egg bound was present among 10% birds and it was significantly (p<0.05) lower in rainy season compared to summer season. In case of ducks the presence of parasitic diseases was the highest (77.60%) followed by viral diseases (56.7%), bacterial diseases (16.40%) and non-infectious diseases (1.50%). Duck plague was present in 56.7% birds and it was significantly (p<0.05) higher in winter (80%) season compared to summer (44.8%) season. The occurrence of duck plague was observed in 56.70% birds and it was significantly (p<0.05) higher in laying stage (67.60%) than pullet stage (43.30%). Incase of pigeon 28.60% birds showed bacterial infections and 85.70% birds showed parasitic infestations. Present study suggests that various infectious and non-infectious diseases are prevalent among the poultry of Guibandha district. So effective control measures should be taken to minimize this problem.

Keywords: Poultry, Diseases, Multivariable logistic regression model, Z-test

Location: Guibandha district, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-07-2005

End Date: 00-06-2006

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Poultry, Diseases

Objectives:

To find out the prevalence of different diseases with seasonal dynamics and to identify the significant risk factors for poultry diseases in the areas under the jurisdiction of FDIL, Guibandha, based on the results of post-mortem examinations over a period from July, 2005 to June, 2006.

Methodology:

A total of 325 poultry, duck and pigeon were examined through post mortem at FDIL, Guibandha during the period from July, 2005 to June, 2006. Of the examined birds 251 were chickens, 67 were ducks and 7 were pigeon. Before clinical examination, age, species and breed of the birds and other relevant data were recorded. Here chickens include commercial and local scavenging birds. For the convenience of the study, ducks were divided into two age groups: pullet stage (up to 140 days) and laying stage (more than 140 days). Research period was divided into 3 seasons such as rainy (July to October), summer (March to June) and winter (November to February). Diagnosis of different diseases was made considering the history of the flock, age of the affected birds, clinical signs and postmortem lesions. Age related prevalences were calculated only for ducks. Incase of chicken, these prevalences were not computed as the time of maturity of layers, broilers and scavenging poultry were different. Statistical analysis: The chi-square tests were performed to know the significance of the associations between the prevalences of the diseases in poultry (Everitt, 1992). Disease prevalences were compared by Z-test (normal test) only for significant association (Zar, 2002). Two multivariable logistic regression models were fitted for identifying effect of season and age that significantly influences the prevalence of disease in poultry (Hosmer and Lemeshow, 1989).

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2009). 7 (1) : 239 – 247

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

A total of 251 chickens including layers, broilers and local scavenging birds were examined throughout the year. Among them 90 birds were examined in summer, 71 in winter and 90 in rainy season. Bacterial diseases were observed in 28.3% chickens. The highest occurrence was found in winter season (33.8%) followed by rainy (33.3%) and summer (18.9%) season. These diseases had significant (p<0.05) association with season and were significantly (p<0.05) higher in winter as well as in rainy season compared to summer season. This finding were was in agreement with Rimler and Glisson (1997). Three types of bacterial diseases were observed in chickens such as salmonellosis, pasteurellosis and colibacillosis. Among these diseases the occurrence of colibacillosis was the highest (17.1%) and this disease was the most frequent in winter season (25.4%) compared to other two seasons. This finding did not match with Mushi et al., (2008) and Nicole et al., (2000) who found the highest occurrence of the disease during the rainy season. There are some factors which make the birds more susceptible such as presence of ammonia, dust in poultry house, over-stocking, poor hygienic management, high temperature of the shed etc (Barnes and Gross, 1997). These factors are more prominent during the winter seasons compared to other two seasons in our country. May be for this reason the result varied with others. Highest occurrence of salmonellosis (10%) and pasteurellosis (8.9%) was observed in rainy season. Nearly similar result was observed by Kutubuddin (1973) who reported 12% cases of salmonellosis and 10.66% cases of pasteurellosis in his study. Occurrence of pasteurellosis was significantly (p<0.05) associated with season and was significantly higher in winter (p<0.05) and rainy (p<0.01) season compared to summer season. It is evident in winter season, a bird had 4.528 times and in rainy season 7.714 times more possibility of being infected than that of summer season by pasteurellosis. This finding was in agreement with that of Rimler and Glisson (1997) and Thitisak (1992) but did not match with Islam et al. (2003) and Giasuddin et al. (2002). A total of 67 ducks were examined throughout the year. Among them 29 were examined in summer, 20 in winter and 18 in rainy season. The occurrence of bacterial diseases was observed in 16.40% ducks and it was the highest in rainy (22.20%) followed by summer (17.20%) and winter (10%) season. Nearly similar result was observed by Das et al. (2007) who found 15.61% bacterial infections in their study. Ducks were infected with 3 types of bacterial diseases such as salmonellosis, pasteurellosis and colibacillosis. Among these diseases occurrene of pasteurellosis (13.40%) was the highest and its highest occurrence was observed in rainy (22.20%) season followed by summer (10.30%) and winter (10%) season. Salmonellosis (3.40%) and colibacillosis (3.40%) was present only in summer season. Das et al. (2007) found 5.37% salmonellosis and 4.39% colibacillosis in their study. Tran et al. (2004) and Das et al. (2005) reported salmonellosis in 20% and 14% ducks respectively. Only 7 pigeons were examined throughout the year. Of them 28.60% birds showed bacterial infections among which pasteurellosis was found in 14.30% and colibacillosis in 14.30% birds. Parasitic diseases were observed in 85.70% birds. From the above study it can be concluded that the poultry of the study area are suffering from several diseases. These diseases are directly or indirectly causing economic losses of the farmers. So, it is essential to take attempt to control these diseases for the development of the poultry industry of the study area.

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