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Decontamination of Organophosphorus Insecticide Residues from Eggplant and Yard Long Bean

M.D.H. Prodhan
Pesticide Analytical Laboratory, Entomology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

M.W. Akon
Pesticide Analytical Laboratory, Entomology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

S.N. Alam
Pesticide Analytical Laboratory, Entomology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study was undertaken to quantify the residue loss of quinalphos, diazinon and fenitrothion from eggplant and malathion from yard long bean through washing and steam cooking procedures. Samples were collected from the research field of Entomology Division of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur. Eggplant was spiked with 100% pure 1.0 mg/kg of quinalphos, diazinon, malathion and fenitrothion. After 10 minutes of spiking, one sample was washed with water and another was heated at 100⁰C. In both cases, 20 minutes waiting period were allowed for proper washing and heating. Extraction and cleanup was done by following standard procedures. The prepared samples were then injected in GC-FTD along with the standard of tested pesticides. Washing with water reduced 34% quinalphos, 28% diazinon and 41% fenitrothion and heating with water at 100⁰C reduced 95% quinalphos, 84% diazinon and 100% fenitrothion from eggplant. Washing with water reduced 45% malathion and heating with water at 100⁰C reduced 100% malathion from yard long bean. Effect of O3 sterilizer in reducing pesticide residues from eggplant was also investigated in this study and it was found that O3 sterilizer reduced 79.00% diazinon and 62.50% quinalphos while washing with only water reduced 60.50% diazinon and 40.00% quinalphos from eggplant.

Keywords: Decontamination, Organophosphorus, insecticide residue, Eggplant, Yard Long Bean

Location: Entomology Division of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2010

End Date: 00-00-2011

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Insecticide, Brinjal, Yard long bean

Objectives:

To quantify the residue loss of quinalphos, diazinon and fenitrothion from eggplant and malathion from yard long bean through washing and steam cooking procedures.

Methodology:

The standard of diazinon, malathion, quinalphos and fenitrothion were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany via Bangladesh Scientific Pvt. ltd. Dhaka, Bangladesh. Standards of all pesticides contained 99.6% purity. Marketable size of eggplant and yard long bean were collected from the research field of Entomology Division of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur during 2010-11. The methodology prescribed by William and George (2005) with necessary modification was adopted for extraction, separation and clean-up of the sample. Collected field samples (>250 g) were grounded thoroughly with the meat grinder (Handmixer M-122, Bamix, Switzerland). A sub-sample of 20 g was taken into a wide mouth jar, then 100 ml of hexane was added to it. Anhydrous sodium sulphate (Na₂SO₄) was also added with sample until water was removed from the sample. The mixture was then macerated with high-speed homogenizer (Ultraturax, IKA T18 Basic, Germany) for 2 minutes. The homogenized material was then poured into 250 ml conical flask and placed into the shaker (Orbital Shaking Incubator, Rexmed, Sweden) for 12hrs continuous shaking. After shaking, the slurry was filtered through a Buchner funnel with suction. The flask and filter cakes were rinsed with 25 ml of hexane for each. The filtrate was then transferred into 250 ml round bottom flask and was dried to 5 ml by evaporation using a rotary vacuum evaporator (Laborota-4001, Heidolph, Germany). The concentrated filtrate was then transferred into 500 ml separatory funnel making 10 ml in volume. Around 20 ml methanol was added with 10 ml filtrate and shaken vigorously for 5 minutes. After shaking, the separatory funnel was set on stand and kept undisturbed for 5 minutes. Then the clear part of the solution from the bottom of the separatory funnel was collected in a vial which was then centrifuged at 1200 rpm for 5 minutes (Laboratory Centrifuges, Sigma-3K30, Germany). After centrifugation, supernatant was collected for injection. A Gas Chromatograph (GC-2010 Shimadzu) coupled with Flame Thermionized Detector (GC-FTD) was used for the identification and quantification of quinalphos, diazinon and malathion. Separation was done by ATTM- 1 capillary column (30 m long, 0.25 mm i.d. and 0.25 μm film thicknesses), nitrogen was used as carrier (column flow 1.5 ml/min.) and make up gas as well. The injector and detector temperatures were set to 250°C and 280°C, respectively and the column oven temperature was programmed, which was started from 150°C (1 min hold) and went upto 220°C with incremental rate of 10°C (2 min hold). All the injections (1 μL) were done in spit mode. The total run time was 10 min. Identification of the analyte in the samples was done by comparing the retention time of the corresponding calibration standard and quantification was done by external calibration curves made with 5 point calibration standard. Eggplant was spiked with 100% pure 1.0 mg/kg of quinalphos, diazinon, and fenitrothion and yard long bean with malathion. After 10 minutes of spiking, one sample was washed with water and another was heated at 100⁰C. In both cases, 20 minutes waiting period were allowed for proper washing and heating. For extraction the above mentioned standard procedures was followed. The prepared samples were then injected in GC-FTD along with the standard of tested pesticides. Eggplant was spiked with 100% pure 2 mg/kg of diazinon and quinalphos. After 10 minutes of spiking, one sample was washed with water and another was extracted through O₃ sterilizer by dipping in water. In both cases, 30 minutes waiting period were allowed for proper washing. Standard extraction procedures was followed. The prepared samples were then injected in GC-FTD along with the standard of tested pesticides.

Source of Information: Int. J. Expt. Agric. 8 (1):6-9 (March 2018)

Article Link (Online Journal): http://ggfjournals.com/e-journals archive

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Pesticide residues remain in food commodities, as a result of pre-harvest or postharvest application of pesticides. In this study, several experiments were conducted to reduce pesticide residues from eggplant and yard long bean through washing with water, heating and O₃ sterilizer. Pesticide residues were determined by Gas Chromatography with FTD detector. The finding of the present study indicates that washing with water reduced 28-41% and heating with water reduced 84-100% organophosphorus insecticides from eggplant. In case of yard long bean, washing with water and heating with water reduced 45% and 100% malathion, respectively. O₃ sterilizer reduced 79.0% diazinon and 62.50% quinalphos from eggplant. The reduction of pesticide residues varies from pesticide to pesticide. It is recommended that commonly used pesticides may be tested for different types of crops with various types of pesticide.

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