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Irrigation-yield Response Factor of Mustard at Different Growth Phases

A.J. Mila
Irrigation and Water Management Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

M.H. Ali
Agricultural Engineering Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), P.O. Box 04, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Yield response factor (ky) of Mustard (Brassica rapa L.) was determined from field experimental data at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur during two consecutive years (2012 to 2013). There were six irrigation treatments: sprinkler irrigation at vegetative stage; sprinkler irrigation at pre-flowering stage; sprinkler irrigation at pod formation stage; sprinkler irrigation at vegetative + pod formation stage; sprinkler irrigation at pre-flowering + pod formation stage; and basin irrigation at vegetative, pre-flowering, and pod formation stage; respectively. The ky value varies depending on growth stages as well as among seasons. Overall, the ky for pre-flowering + pod formation, vegetative + pod formation, vegetative + pre-flowering, pre-flowering, and vegetative stages were 0.15, 0.16, 0.27, 0.03, and 0.08, respectively. According to the value of yield response factor, the most critical growth stages were in the order: vegetative + pre-flowering>vegetative + pod formation>pre-flowering + pod formation>vegetative>pre-flowering stage. For the whole growing period, the ky values were 0.52, 0.96, 1.17, 0.13, and 0.75 for water deficit at pre-flowering + pod formation, vegetative + pod formation, vegetative + pre-flowering, pre-flowering, and vegetative stages, respectively. There were no statistical difference in paired ’t’ test at 5% level of significant for individual growth stages and entire growth period. The sensitivity index (lembda i, of Jensen model) for pre-flowering + pod formation, vegetative + pod formation, vegetative + pre-flowering, pre-flowering, and vegetative stages were 0.07, 0.08, 0.13, 0.009, and 0.03, respectively. Therefore, vegetative and pre-flowering stages were the critical stages to water deficit and water supply is utmost important to reduce excessive yield loss.

Keywords: Mustard, Yield response factor, Sensitivity index, Irrigation

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2012

End Date: 00-00-2013

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Irrigation scheduling, Mustard

Objectives:

1. To determine yield response factor (for each growth periods and entire growing season) and sensitivity index (for each growth periods) of mustard under water scarce situation and

2. To find out water sensitive growth stage.

Methodology:

The field experiment was conducted during 2012 and 2013 at the research fields of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur (latitude 23^o99??N, longitude 90^o41??E, and elevation of 8.40 m above mean sea level). The soil texture of the study fields are sandy clay loam with upper and lower limits of available water were 0.30 and 0.14 m³m^-3 for Gazipur (Mila et al. 2015). The soil characteristic was acidic (pH = 5.98), low in organic matter (0.74%), and with basic infiltration rate of 4.0 mm/hr. The local climate is subtropical monsoon, with average annual rainfall of about 1898 mm. The mustard which is normally grown from November to February, is characterized by dry winter with 12 and 0 mm rainfall in the year 2012 and 2013, respectively. At the initial stage reference ET₀ was higher and decreased at the mid-stage and again raised at the late stage. The mustard variety (BARI Sarisha-14) is characterized by short durated and high yield potential (average 1.4 to1.6 t ha^-1) (ATHB 2014). Total growing period of this crop is 80 to 90 days depending on cultivar, climatic conditions etc. There were three phonological stages which are vegetative, pre-flowering and pod formation stages. The water deficit was imposed at various phonological stages with the design of the treatments. Irrigation treatments were arranged as full irrigation (basin method), 100% water deficit at single and two stages by keeping rest of the stages well irrigated (sprinkler irrigation). The detailed irrigation treatments along with different growth phases. Water deficit was created by keeping no irrigation at different growth stages. Irrigation was applied up to field capacity considering effective root zone depth of 60 cm (where 80% of the root is concentrated (Ali 2009). The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block (RCB) with three replications. The plot size and spacing were 3.9 m × 4.95 m and 30 cm ×15 cm, respectively. The crop was harvested manually and yield data was taken by adjusting soil moisture at 12%. Crop yield response factor (k_y), expresses crop sensitivity to water deficit (drought/stress) can arise throughout the entire cropping period as well as individual growth periods was calculated by following Stewart model (Stewart et al. 1977). By contrast, Jensen model (Jensen 1968) can calculate only individual growth stages sensitivity index (λ_i). The detailed procedure of both models is discussed below.

Source of Information: Int. J. Expt. Agric. 6(1):15-21 (January 2016)

Article Link (Online Journal): http://ggfjournals.com/e-journals archive

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results based on yield response factor k_y for individual growth stages showed that the order of sensitive growth stages to water deficit were: vegetative + pre-flowering, vegetative + pod formation, pre-flowering + pod formation, vegetative, and pre-flowering. The sensitivity index (λ_i) for individual growth stages followed the order of sensitive growth stages to water deficit were vegetative + pre-flowering, vegetative + pod formation, pre-flowering + pod formation, vegetative, and pre-flowering. The response factor for total growth period was 0.52, 0.96, 1.17, 0.13, and 0.75 for pre-flowering + pod formation, vegetative + pod formation, vegetative + pre-flowering, pre-flowering, and vegetative stage, respectively. The more the response factor and sensitivity index indicates the more water stress thus water supply must be ensured at vegetative and pre- flowering stage.

Knowledge Management: Journal