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Anatomical Responses of Rice (oryza Sativa L.) to Aluminium Toxicity

Rifat Samad
Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Parveen Rashid
Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

JL Karmoker
Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Anatomical response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to aluminium toxicity grown in sand culture and half strength Hoagland solution revealed that aluminium stress caused a decrease in diameter of the root and the shoot. Aluminium toxicity reduced the number of metaxylem vessels in the root of rice. Number of sclerenchyma cells was more in aluminium-treated rice root. Under Al stress, smaller sized vascular bundles were found in the leaf of rice. Size and frequency of bulliform cells were increased in the leaf of Al-treated plants than that in control plants. Al treatment caused closure of stomata in rice leaves.

Keywords: Aluminium toxicity, Anatomy, Rice, Sand culture

Location: University of Dhaka, Dhaka

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Food Safety and Security

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To the determined Anatomical Responses of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) to Aluminium Toxicity

Methodology:

Seeds of rice (O. sativa var. BRRI Dhan-53) were collected from Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Joydebpur, Gazipur. The experiments were conducted in net house of Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, under the normal environmental conditions. Plants were grown in sand culture (Hewitt 1966) and subjected to half strength Hoagland solution (pH 4.2) which served as control. Similarly, 150 and 300 µM AlCl₃ solution made in half strength Hoagland solution (pH 4.2) were applied to each pot containing 7-day-old seedlings which were used as treatments. Later on, half strength Hoagland solutions (pH 4.2) was applied to control plants and 150 and 300 µM AlCl₃ solutions (pH 4.2) were applied to respective Altreated plants every day up to 28 days. The root, stem and leaf of rice plants were collected at 28 day of aluminium exposure. Stem and root segments were taken, respectively, 1 cm above and 1 cm below the transition region where the stem and root meet. Free hand sectioning was done and the sections were stained with saffranin. Transverse sections of the root, stem and leaf were studied with a compound microscope. Photographs of sections were taken using a camera (Axiocam ERc 5s) at different magnification (5X, 10X and 40X). Leaf stoma and trichome of 28-day-old control and Altreated plants grown in sand culture were also studied.

Source of Information: Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 43, No. 2, 123-131, 2019

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v43i2.45733

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Aluminium stress decreased the number and diameter of xylem vessels of the root, stem and leaf of rice plant (Plates 2, 3, 5 and 7). Aluminium-induced decrease in number and diameter of xylem vessels would decrease the translocation of ions from the root to the shoot and thus adversely affect the distribution of ions in different parts of the plant. This would, in turn, slow down the metabolic processes in different organs of plant because ions act as cofactors of enzymes involved in numerous metabolic reactions. Aluminium toxicity caused the closure of stomata in rice leaves (Plate 9). Al stress-induced closure of stomata might decrease the rate of photosynthesis due to the decrease in CO₂ diffusion through the stomata.

Knowledge Management: Journal