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Investigation of Heavy Metal Contamination in Fishes from Passur River Near the Sundarbans Mangroves of Bangladesh

M. S. Islam*
Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh

S. C. Shil
Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh

M. H. Kabir
Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh

M. E. Hoq
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensingh-2201, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted to investigate the heavy metal contamination in fishes and shrimps from the Passur River near the world famous Sundarban mangroves located in the southwestern part of Bangladesh, during the period from January to June 2013. The fish (Liza parse) and shrimp (Penaeus monodon) samples were collected from two stations as St-1 (Katakhali-1 km upper from port area- upstream) and St-2 (Amtola-1 km lower from port area- downstream) monthly for three months in January (winter), March (pre monsoon) and May (Monsoon). Before analysis, a bit of muscle, the whole liver and two gill arches from each fish and shrimp were removed. Samples of tissues from each fish and shrimp were removed, weighed and dried. A microwave digestion system was used to prepare the samples for analysis. After digestion residue diluted with 25 ml 2.5% HNO₃. The water used was deionized and distilled. The metal analyses of samples (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) were carried out by using UNICAM-929 atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) in SGS Bangladesh Limited, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh. Among the heavy metals studied Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were detected in fish and shrimp species were within acceptable limits by FAO standards. The results of this study indicated that a general absence of serious pollution in the Passur River is due to heavy metals; whereas the concentrations of elements found could mainly be attributed to geological sources. In this regard, to maintain the water and sediment qualities as well as the sound and safe aquatic life of the river need proper monitoring and management by the relevant authorities of the Government of Bangladesh.

Keywords: Fish, Heavy metal, Passur river, Shrimp

Location: Passur River in Mongla Port area near the Sundarbans mangrove forest

Start Date: 00-01-2013

End Date: 00-06-2013

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Heavy metal, Fish

Objectives:

The following objectives were carried out to complete the study successfully: (i) to determine the level of heavy metals in fish and shrimp species in the Passur River, and (ii) to evaluate the variation of heavy metals in fish and shrimp species.

Methodology:

Study area The study was conducted at Passur River in Mongla Port area near the Sundarbans mangrove forest. The Mongla port area is located about 48km south of Khulna city and developed initially about 18km up at Chalna, which was opened for foreign vessels as an anchorage on 11 December 1950. The anchorage was shifted to Mongla in 1954 as the place could accommodate sea-going vessels with greater draughts. The port of Mongla had long retained its name Chalna. Mongla is situated on the confluence of the river Passur and Mongla at Mouza Selabunia of Rampul upazila in Bagerhat district. The duration of the study was six month from January to June 2013. South of Mongla upazila the river flows into the Sundarbans. The Passur is placed after the Meghna in size in the deltaic region. The river is joined by Mongla canal at about 32 km south from Chalna. Sample collection In this study one fish (Liza parse) and one shrimp (P. monodon) species were collected from two locations upstream (Katakhali) and downstream (Amtola) from the Passur river at port area. Same species of fish and shrimp samples were collected directly from the fisherman monthly for three months (January, March and May). Three months are considered as winter, premonsoon and monsoon respectively. The weight values of each fish and shrimp samples were measured. The fish (150 gm) and shrimp (150 gm) samples were collected from each sampling stations for analysis. The samples were brought to the laboratory with ice box. Fish and shrimp samples were kept at freeze for preservation and to avoid further contamination until analysis. Sample analysis The fish and shrimp samples were analysed in the Central laboratory of Societe Genrale de Surveillance (SGS), (Food Laboratory) Kawran Bazar, Dhaka-1205. In this study, fish and shrimp samples were collected from the sampling locations, at Passur River, Mongla port area. Fish samples were kept at freeze until analysis. Before analysis, a bit of muscle, the whole liver and two gill arches from each fish and shrimp were removed. Samples of tissues from each fish and shrimp were weighed and dried. A microwave digestion system (CEM-MDS 2000) was used to prepare the samples for analysis. The advantage of microwave digestion against the classical method are the shorter time, less consumption of acid and keeping volatile compounds in the solution (Krushevska et al., 1993; Gulmini et al., 1994; Sures et al., 1995). After digestion, the residues diluted to 25 ml with 2.5% of HNO₃. Instrument calibrated standard solutions were prepared from commercial materials. The water used was deionized and distilled. The metal analyses of samples (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) were carried out by using UNICAM-929 atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The fish and shrimp species were analyses by AOAC 18th Edition.

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(1): 21-24, 2017 ISSN 1999-7361

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The concentrations of heavy metal elements (Cu, Zn, Fe and Cr) were found from water much lower than the permissible level. The concentrations of five heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Fe) were identified in the sediment sample. The values of Fe were found at 23481.61 to 15339.4 mg/kg. Other metals value is much lower. Among the heavy metals studied Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were detected in fish and shrimp species were within acceptable limits by FAO standards. The results of this study indicated that a general absence of serious pollution in the Passur River is due to heavy metals; whereas the concentrations of elements found could mainly be attributed to geological sources. According to research findings following recommendations were made for the management of water quality, sediment, fish and shrimp species of Mongla port area and adjacent rivers. Make a new regulation for Passur and surrounding rivers; Creating a new authority; Initiate intensive research; Water quality monitoring; Planning; Coordination activities; Illegal encroacher’s evacuation; Awareness building and sustainable port management; Legislation on dumping of industrial waste into the river should be established as well as some mitigation measures should be taken.

Knowledge Management: Journal