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Effect of Fungicides and Plant Extracts in the Management of Foliar, Twig and Fruit Diseases of Citrus (citrus Limon)

K. Yesmin*
Cotton Development Board, Cotton Research Farm, Sreepur, Gazipur

M. Ahmad
Dept. of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. B. Momtaz
Cotton Development Board, Cotton Research Farm, Sreepur, Gazipur

K. Begum
Sheer- E- Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A research work was conducted on citrus plants raised at GPC, of Fruit Tree Improvement Project (FTIP) at Horticulture Farm, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, to investigate the effect of fungicides and plant extracts in controlling the scab, dieback and canker. Three fungicides viz. Cupravit 50 wp (0.4%), Dithane M-45 (0.3%), Rovral 50 WP (0.2%) and extracts of 3 plants viz. Neem {Azadirachta indica), Ginger {Zingiber officinale) and Garlic {Allium sativum) were applied for controlling the citrus (C. limon) diseases (scab, die-back and canker). All the fungicides showed significant effect in the control of the above mentioned citrus diseases. The highest reduction of the scab, die-back and canker diseases was recorded applying Rovral 50 WP. Neem leaf extract was the most effective in controlling canker of leaf and fruit. Garlic extract and Neem leaf extract were the most effective in controlling die-back of twig and branches of citrus, respectively. From the above results it can be concluded that Rovral 50 WP is the most effective chemical for controlling all citrus (C. limon) diseases and citrus canker can successfully be controlled specially by Neem leaf and garlic extract.

Keywords: Foliar, Fungicides, Plant Extract, Twig, Fruit diseases of citrus

Location: Germ Plasm Center (GPC) of Fruit Tree Improvement Project (FTIP) at Horticulture Farm, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Fungicide, Extract (plant, seed)

Objectives:

Present study was undertaken to find out the efficacy of fungicides and plant extracts with the objective of finding out the effects of some fungicides and plant extracts on the management of scab, die-back and canker of citrus (C. limori).

Methodology:

Experimental site The experiment was conducted in the citrus section at Germ Plasm Center (GPC) of Fruit Tree Improvement Project (FTIP) at Horticulture Farm, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The soil belongs to the old Brahmaputra Flood Plain and falls under Sonatola series. The texture of the soil of the experiment area was clay-loam (Biswas et al., 1979). Design of experiment The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 replications. Four plants were selected for each treatment. One plant was used as one replication. Treatments There were 7 different treatments which were as follows: To= Control (Tap water) T1 = Cupravit 50 wp (0.4%) T2 = Dithane M-45 (0.3%) T3 = Rovral 50 wp (0.2%) T4 = Neem leaf extract (1:4 dilution) T5 = Ginger extract (1:4 dilution) T6 = Garlic extract (1:4 dilution). Preparation of spray solution Fungicides The fungicidal solutions were prepared by mixing with definite amount of fungicides with tap water. Plant extract The plant extracts were prepared with the help of Blender. Requisite amount of plant materials were dissolved in required amount of sterilized water to make the solutions in different concentrations. The crushed materials were filtered through cheese cloth to get the fine spray solution. Application of spray solution All fungicides and plant extracts were sprayed with compressed hand sprayer. Four plants were sprayed with each fungicides and plant extracts. First spray was done in 8 August, 2003. The plants were sprayed 3 times at 15 days intervals. Required amount of spray solution per plant including branches, twigs, leaves and fruits were sprayed. Control plant was sprayed with water. Disease symptoms observed in the orchard The plants were observed regularly from the time of spray. Time of symptom appearance was recorded. Symptoms of the scab, die-back and canker observed in the orchard were recorded and photographed. Isolation of fungal pathogen Infected leaves and twigs were collected for isolation of the fungi. One (1) cm in length stem piece was cut out from all the twigs, for isolation. Four pieces of inocula approximately 10 mm in length and 1.5-2.5 mm width were cut out of the infected portion of the twigs. The inocula were surface sterilized in chlorox (10%) solution for 45 seconds and washed thrice in sterile water. The inocula were then placed on acidified Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium in 9 cm petridishes aseptically. After planting, the petridishes containing the inocula were incubated at room temperature (26°C±2°C) under 12 hours light alternating with 12 hours dark. The plates were incubated for 7 days. Identification of fungal isolates Fungi growing out of the inocula were transferred to fresh PDA plates. The fungal isolates were then sub cultured on 2% water agar and purified by hyphal tip culture method. Pathogenicity test of isolated fungi Pathogenicity test of isolated fungi was done in the laboratory.
Isolation and identification of bacterial pathogen (Xanthomonas campestris Pv. citri) by nutrient agar (NA) medium Citrus leaves having canker spots were collected, preserved after washing in tap water. On the following day, the infected portion of the leaves were cut into small pieces and placed in petridish containing a drop of sterile water. From the final dilution, one loopful of bacterial suspension was streaked out with a wire loop on the sterilized nutrient agar (NA). Then the plate was incubated in room temperature.

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(1): 93-100, 2017 ISSN 1999-7361

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The fungicides and plant extracts showed remarkable effectiveness for the control of citrus (C. limori) diseases. Leaf and fruit of citrus were mainly affected by scab. It was also found that Cupravit 50 WP was not much effective in controlling of scab of citrus. Among the different chemical treatments, it was found that the Rovral 50 WP was the most effective for the controlling of scab, die-back and canker in citrus. On the other hand, among the plant extracts, Neem leaf extract was the most effective in controlling of leaf and fruit canker. Garlic extract and Neem leaf extract were the most effective in controlling die-back of twigs and branch, respectively. From this study it may be concluded that Rovral 50WP is one of the most effective chemical control measure for scab, die-back and canker. Beside among the different plant extracts, Neem leaf extract is the effective for controlling canker. Garlic extract also may be advised to the farmers for controlling canker of citrus, although it seems costly in the market.

Knowledge Management: Journal