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Effects of Buriganga and Turag River Water on the Yield and Heavy Metal Contents of Indian Spinach

N. Nawshin
Dept. of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

F. R. Sadab
Dept. of Environmental Science and Technology, Jessore University of Science and Technology

M. A. H. Chowdhury
Dept. of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. A. Baten*
Dept. of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

There are different types of essential nutrients are found in vegetables which are good for human health. But now a days the vegetables which are irrigated with Buriganga and Turag river water may be contaminated with heavy metals because of industrial effluents discharge into the Buriganga and Turag river water. The present study was conducted to investigate the levels of heavy metals like Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Cupper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Zinc (Zn), Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni), and Iron (Fe) in Indian Spinach irrigated with polluted Buriganga and Turag river water. Heavy metals contaminated water and vegetable samples were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, As, Zn, and Cu contents in Buriganga river water applied in Indian spinach ranged from 0.798-2.06, 0.011-0.60, 0.001-3.87, 0.378-1.25, 0.001-0.610, 6.21-23.24, and 2.01-13.69 µg g-1, respectively and those of Turag river water ranged from 0.023- 0.781, 0.001-0.610, 0.001-0.360, 0.133-0.279, 0.001-0.360, 3.16-8.97, and 0.210-6.47 µg g-1, respectively. The root and shoot length was decreased from 5.3 to 3.2 cm and from 7.2 to 5.5 cm for Buriganga river water applied plant samples. The root and shoot length of Turag river water applied plant samples were decreased from 3.83 to 3.10 cm and 6.93 to 6.18 cm, respectively. The number of leaves was decreased from 7.46 to 5.58 and 8.69 to 5.32 for Buriganga and Turag river water applied plant samples, respectively. The yield of Buriganga and Turag river water applied Indian spinach sample decreased 23.06% and 24.70% from the control plant sample. It is recommended that in spinach plant the concentration of Pd, Zn and Cu crossed the standard limits of FAO and WHO, indicating a potential risk to human body. Awareness should be created among the farmers about the serious consequences of using polluted river water for growing leafy vegetables in city areas.

Keywords: Buriganga river, Heavy metal contents, Indian Spinach, Turag river, Yield

Location: Areas of Buriganga and Turag river.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Quality and Nutrition

Commodity: Heavy metal, Indian spinach

Objectives:

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Buriganga and Turag river water on yield and heavy metal contents in Indian Spinach.

Methodology:

Collection and preparation of water sample Water samples were collected from 30 most polluted areas of Buriganga and Turag river. For irrigation and chemical analysis nearly about 5 L water samples were collected in fresh plastic container from each location. After collecting water samples, few drops Toluene were added to prevent the growth of micro-organisms. Heavy metal analyses were done in the Laboratory of Soil Science Division of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI). Test crop and pot preparation Indian Spinach was used as plant materials to investigate the effects of polluted river water from Buriganga and Turag on yield and heavy metal contents. The soil for pot preparation was collected from Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) and dried separately in a room for few days. The size of pot was 15 cm diameter at the top and 15 cm diameter at the bottom with 10 cm depth. The pot were labeled earlier and filled with 2 kg soil. The seeds were sown at 1st March, 2016 maintaining a uniform distance and covered with soil. After 4 to 5 days of sowing, the seeds were germinated. Water samples from Buriganga and Turag river were applied after proper growth of plants. Three treatments i.e., before use of river water, after use of river water and control (use of distills water) were applied on this study. Data collection The plants were harvested after 45 days of sowing of seeds. Plant height (cm), shoot length (cm), root length (cm), no of leaves plant^-1, fresh and dry weight of root and shoot (g) were collected with their mean values under each treatment. Digestion of the vegetable samples After collection, the samples were washed with distilled water to remove soil particles. The collected plant samples were dried in an oven at 60^oC for about 48 hours. Then the samples were grained and sieved for powder samples. Then 0.5g of powdered shoot and root materials were taken separately into 250 mL conical flask and added 10 mL di-acid mixture (HNO₃ : HClO₄ = 2:1). Then the flask placed on an electric hot plate for heating at 180-200^oC until the solid particles disappeared and white fumes were evolved from the flask. Flask cooled at room temperature, and filtered with whatman No.42 filter paper. This solution was used for the determination of heavy metals Pb, Cr, As, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Ni. Determination of heavy metal contents in Indian spinach After completing the digestion procedure, samples were taken for analysis of the heavy metals using SpectrAA55B atomic absorption spectrophotometer in the laboratory of Soil Science Division of BARI.
Determination of heavy metal contents in Buriganga and Turag river water Heavy metal contents in Buriganga and Turag river water were determined in laboratory of Soil Science Division, BARI. Data of heavy metal contents were followed from the Nawshin et al., 2016.

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(2): 15-20, 2016 ISSN 1999-7361

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In this study, yield and yield contributing parameters of were reduced under Buriganga and Turag river water applied pots compared to normal water irrigation. The concentration of Pd, Zn and Cu in Indian Spinach crossed the standard limits of FAO and WHO, which creating a potential risk to human health. Therefore, vegetables should not be cultivated in the bank of polluted river and prevent possible health risk by ingestion of these heavy metals contaminated vegetables. Local people and farmers need to create awareness about the bad impacts of pollution of river water and use of Buriganga and Turag river water for irrigation purposes. Local government need to take some immediate steps to reduce the dispose of industrial effluents into the Buriganga and Turag river.

Knowledge Management: Journal