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Effects of Industrial Wastewater on the Yield and Trace Element Contents of Red Amaranth

N. Sultana
Dept. of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

N. Nawshin
Dept. of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

H. Muktadir
Dept. of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

M. A. H. Chowdhury
Dept. of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

M. A. Baten
Dept. of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Assessment the effect of industrial wastewater on the yield and trace element contents of red amaranth was carried out by this study. Thirty wastewater samples were collected from five major environment-polluting industries namely pharmaceuticals, dyeing, leather, food, and plastic industries at three different locations. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used for analyzing the trace elements in the wastewater-irrigated samples of red amaranth. Higher mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, As, Zn, and Cu in red amaranth were 0.97, 0.20, 1.23, 52.72, 0.52, 0.85, and 2.62 µg g^-1. The percentage of yield reduction in red amaranth were 11.06, 12.73, 14.07, 3.46, 7.82 % for T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 respectively compared to distilled water control (T1). The results concludes that the wastewater samples of pharmaceuticals, dyeing, leather and plastic industries were more polluted than the wastewater of food industries. Vegetables grown in industrial areas contain trace elements viz. Cr, Ni and Cu which would be health hazardous for consumer.

Keywords: Heavy metals, Red amaranth, Wastewater, Yield

Location: Gazipur district

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Waste, Red amaranth

Objectives:

The experiment was designed to study the effects of industrial wastewater on the yield and trace elements contents of red amaranth.

Methodology:

Study area Three sampling sites were selected for wastewater sampling depending on the degree of industrialization process and wastewater characteristics. Gazipur district located in between 23°53´ and 24°21´ north latitudes and in between 90°09´ and 92°39´ east longitudes, Hazaribagh situated in 90°21´ east longitudes and 23°45´ north latitudes and location of Mymensingh district is in between the latitudes 24°15´ and 25°15´ North and 90°05´ and 90°50´ East longitudes. Pot experiment was carried in the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh. Collection and preparation of water samples Wastewater samples were collected from the drainage system of five types of industries where industrial effluents are discharged. After filtering the collected samples, five to six drops of liquid toluene were added to control microbial growth. The concentrations of trace elements like Cr, Cu, Zn, and Pb in samples were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Spectr AA-55B) at the Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI). Test crop and pot preparation BARI Lal shak-3 was used as test crop and seeds were collected from the institute (BARI). Soil samples were collected from the field laboratory of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA). The soils were sun dried for several days, sieved through 10-mesh sieve and mixed thoroughly. Significant amount of sieved soil was kept in a polythene bag for experiment. Thirty two (32) plastic pots were selected for the experiment. Individual pot size was 15 cm diameter at the top and 12 cm diameter at the bottom with 10 cm depth. Each labeled pot was filled with 1.5 kg finely sieved soil leaving 3 cm from the top. Seed germination and treatment The seeds were germinated uniformly after 6 to 8 days of sowing. The germination rate was approximately 98%. The experiment comprised of six treatments. The wastewater of five industries were considered as treatments including a control. The treatments were as follows; T1 = Control (Distilled water) T2 = Pharmaceuticals T3 = Dyeing T4 = Leather T5 = Food T6 = Plastic Water was applied twice a day after 20 days to 45 days of sowing. Data collection From each pot, 3 plant samples were harvested after 20 days of sowing and 45 days of sowing after wastewater treatment. Then the samples were tagged and the plant height, shoot and root weight, number of branch and leaf, total fresh and dry weight of red amaranth were recorded in the laboratory of Environmental science, BAU. Their mean values were calculated from the samples. Digestion of plant samples Dried samples were powdered using a pestle and mortar and sieved. All reagents were of analytical reagent grade 69-72 % HNO₃, 30 % H₂O₂, and 70% HCIO₄ were used for digestion of samples. Double deionised water was used for all dilutions. During the experiments, all glassware’s and equipment were carefully cleaned. Samples were digested with 10 mL of HNO₃, 2 mL of H₂O₂, and 4 mL of HCIO₄ in block digester system maintaining the temperature of 180-200 ^oC until white fumes were evolved and finally diluted to 50 mL distilled water. All sample solution was clear. Trace elements analyses in red amaranth Trace elements (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, As, Zn and Cu) concentrations in the extract of processed samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Spectr AA-55B) at the Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) Gazipur.

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(2): 27-30, 2016 ISSN 1999-7361

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The growth of red amaranth after wastewater treatment of pharmaceuticals, dyeing, and leather industries was reduced. Reduction of plant yield treated with wastewater of pharmaceuticals, dyeing, leather, food, and plastic industries was 0.9, 1.1, 1.2, 0.3 and 0.7 g, respectively compared to distilled water treated plant yield of 8.9 g. This indicates that toxic metals or other substance present in the wastewater samples that inhibited the growth of red amaranth. It may be concluded that irrigation by untreated wastewater may hamper the normal growth of leafy vegetables. Regular monitoring of wastewater irrigated crops is needed to minimize the accumulation of various toxic metals in plant parts and to prevent the possible health hazards due to the consumption of toxic metals.

Knowledge Management: Journal