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Spatial Variation of Soil Chemical Properties in Industrial Wastewater Contaminated Paddy Soil

M. S. Hossain
Department of Soil Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet

M. H. Kabir
Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur

M. M. Rahman
Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur

M. S. Alam
Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur

G. K. M. M. Rahman
Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Soil quality is essential for sustainable crop production. Excessive or deficient in necessary chemical elements in soil is a concern for soil quality. The study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of chemical industrial wastewater on chemical properties of soil and observe spatial distribution of nutrients in paddy soil adjacent to a chemical industry. A command area comprising a paddy field exposed to a chemical industrial wastewater was selected to study and 10 composite soil samples including a control (not exposed to wastewater) was collected and analyzed. Compared to background values soil pH, OC, N, P, Ca, and S were found higher in contaminated soils through the industrial wastewater. The order of the increment of the nutrients in the contaminated soil was as N>P>S>OC>Ca>Na. Sulphur and Nitrogen pose as potent elements for toxicity or pollution of the soil exposed to untreated wastewater. Differential spatial variations were observed for various nutrients in the area. Highest spatial variation was observed for S, N and B followed by P, K, Ca, Mg and Na might be due to anthropogenic activities through industrial untreated wastewater. These issues need to be taken into consideration while recommending fertilizers for crops grown in this type of command area.

Keywords: Accumulation, Index, Map, Nutrient, Soil quality

Location: South Donua, Sreepur of Gazipur district of Banglades

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Contamination

Objectives:

To evaluate the impact of industrial wastewater on chemical properties of soil and observe spatial variations of nutrients in paddy soil adjacent to a chemical industry.

Methodology:

Study area A highly contaminated paddy field command area adjacent to the discharge point of a chemical industry was selected for the present study. It is located at South Donua, Sreepur of Gazipur district of Bangladesh lies East longitude. This Chemical Industry Limited manufactures and sells chemicals in Bangladesh. The main products of this industry are dye, sulphuric acid, bleaching, explosives, storage battery, rayon, water purification, heavy chemical etc. Soil sample collection A total of 10 soil samples including one control (where effluent does not reach absolutely) were collected from the command area of the chemical industry under study. An equal 15 m distance from one sampling point to another sampling point was possibly maintained in the whole command area. Each sample was the composite of at least 5 sub-samples within a distance of 2 m surrounding a specific sampling location. At least 2.5kg georeferenced (with longitude and latitude) soil sample was collected using a portable global position system (GPS, Garmin 60CSx). Soil Sample processing and chemical analyses Soil samples were air dried, cleaned and homogenized with Vibrating Sample Mill, HEIKO-TI-200 and sieved using 2mm sieve. Soil pH was determined at the soil and water ratio of 1:2.5 as outlined by Jackson (1973). The total organic carbon in soil was estimated by wet oxidation method devised by Walkey and Black (1935). Total nitrogen was determined by Kjeldahl Method following concentrated sulphuric acid digestion and steam distillation with 40 % NaOH. Available phosphorus in soil samples was determined following the method described by Olsen et al., (1954). Exchangeable K, Ca, Mg and Na were determined by N NH₄OAc extraction method as described by Jackson (1973). Available sulfur was determined turbidimetrically using barium sulfate and reading was taken by Double Beam Spectrophotometer (Chesnin and Yien, 1951). Boron content was determined by DTPA extraction method.
Defining nutrient accumulation and nutrient toxicity indices We defined the following indices. Chemical accumulation index (CAI) =C_cont/C_background

Nutrient toxicity index (NTI) = (N cont- Ncl+4.0)/Ncl

Where C_cont is the chemical/nutrient concentration in contaminated soil (soil exposed to effluents/wastewater), C_background is the concentration of chemical/nutrients in soil not exposed to effluents/wastewater, Ncl is the critical nutrient concentration, Ncl*4.0 is considered as very high level of nutrient concentration when plant response to added nutrient is very unlikely (FRG, 2012). CAI is comparable to the single factor pollution index as described by CGFDC (1994). Based on the indices formulae, indices values were computed for the nutrient elements under study. Critical nutrient concentration was for wetland rice crops grown loamy clayey soils (FRG, 2012). Statistical and geo-statistical analyses Statistical analysis was performed using R and spreadsheet software packages. Geo-statistical analyses were performed for visualization outputs maps. Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method was employed to produce spatial patterns of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S and B in the command area.

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(2): 85-90, 2016 ISSN 1999-7361

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Elevated concentrations of nutrients accumulation were detected in the chemical industrial command areas as compared to background values of control soil. Soil pH, OC, N, P, Ca, and S were found higher in contaminated soils compared to background value and indicated the increasing trend in accumulation of these nutrients from waste water. Sulphur and Nitrogen pose as potential elements for pollution of soil exposed to chemical industrial wastewater. Difference in spatial variation of nutrients in the study area is attributed by the differently contamination pattern of the nutrient elements concerned. These issues need to be taken into consideration while recommending fertilizers for crops grown in this command area.

Knowledge Management: Journal