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Assessment of Physicochemical Water Quality Parameters and Heavy Metals Concentration in Water Samples from Buriganga River Adjacent to Dhaka City

M. M. M. Hoque*
Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902

P. P. Deb
Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was conducted to know the status of physicochemical water quality parameter and heavy metal concentration in the water of Buriganga river, adjoining to Dhaka city. Water samples were collected from five different points of Buriganga river and were analyzed to determine pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) content. Most of the measured water quality parameters and concentration of heavy metals were exceeded the standard level set by ECR and ADB. Among heavy metals concentration, level of chromium and cadmium were 4-5 times higher than the standard drinking level, these results indicate that surrounding industrial wastewater discharging from textile and tannery industries, which pollute the Buriganga river water. During the observation, at Hazaribagh station BOD level was found 32 times higher than drinking water standard level and 6 times higher than standard irrigation level, indicating Buriganga river water is extremely polluted by microorganism and is not suitable for household and irrigational use. Similarly, DO level at Buriganga river water was 5 times lower than the standard level, which indicates that Buriganga river water is extremely polluted and is unsuitable for aquatic life which are dependent on DO for their sustain. In the present study, the measured level of EC, chromium, cadmium and copper were found higher level as compare to the previous studies.

Keywords: BOD, Buriganga, DO, Heavy metal, Water pollution, Water quality

Location: Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902

Start Date: 00-05-2016

End Date: 00-06-2016

Program Area: Quality and Nutrition

Commodity: Water quality, Heavy metal

Objectives:

The main objectives of the current study is to determine the physico-chemical water quality parameters and concentration of heavy metals of water samples from the Buriganga river and to compare the current results with the standard level and also with the previous study that was conducted in different locations of the Buriganga river.

Methodology:

Water sampling The study was conducted in five different locations of Buriganga including 1. Gabtoli, 2. Dipnagar, 3. Dhaka uddan, 4. Mohammadpur and 5. Hazaribagh from May-June, 2016. We collected 10 (ten) water samples from five different locations of the Buriganga river were using 500 ml plastic bottles to determine the level of pH, EC, TDS, BOD, chromium, lead, cadmium, copper and manganese. To avoid contamination the bottles were rinsed with H₂SO₄ and dried well before sampling. The samples were stored in a cool dark place until analysis. The numbers and thick black marks in the map represent sample identification numbers and sample location, respectively. Physico-chemical water quality parameters pH pH is an important water quality parameter. The pH scale is usually represented as ranging from 0-14. In this study we measured pH by a digital pH meter (model: Adwa-AD1000). Electrical conductivity (EC) Electrical conductivity (EC) was measured by a digital EC meter (model: HM Digital). Dissolved oxygen (DO) The analysis of DO is a key test in water pollution control activities. In this study, DO was measured with a digital DO meter (model: Lutron-DO-5509). Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is the measuring of the presence of degradable organic material in a water sample. The amount of oxygen required by the microorganisms stabilizes the biologically degradable organic matter under aerobic conditions. The principle of the method involves, measuring the difference of the oxygen concentration between the samples and incubating it for 5 days at 20⁰ C. The BOD is calculated by- BOD, (mg l^-1)=D_o-D₅ × dilution factor Where, D_o=Initial D_O of the sample D₅=DO after 5 days. Water sample analysis for Heavy metals Determination of heavy metal concentrations including Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) in water samples was done by using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Mono element hollow cathode lamp was employed for the determination of each heavy metal of interest. A standard line was prepared by plotting the absorbance reading on Y-axis versus the concentration of each standard solution of metal on X-axis. Then, the concentration of metal was calculated in the water samples of interest by plotting the AAS reading on the standard line.

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(2): 97-104, 2016 ISSN 1999-7361

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Water samples from Buriganga river were collected and analyzed for physicochemical water quality parameters i.e. pH, EC, TDS, DO, BOD and heavy metal concentrations like Cr, Pb, Cd, Cu and Mn content. Observed values of EC were higher than the standard level for irrigation except point 1 and point 3, which indicating the presence of ionic compounds in water as well as higher concentration of inorganic pollutants from tannery and textile industries. At the station 5 near to Hazaribagh, concentration of DO was measured as 6 times lower than standard drinking level and 5 times lower than standard irrigation level. Lowest level of DO at Hazaribagh station may indicate that this area is highly polluted with sewage that is discarded from tanneries. All of the observed BOD values from Burigonga water samples were very much higher than those of the standard level for irrigation and drinking. Specially, in Hazaribagh (station 5) the BOD level was found about 32 times higher than standard drinking level and about 6 times higher than standard irrigation level. At Hazaribagh station, Cr level was found to be 5 times higher than standard drinking level. At Gabtoli station (Station 1) Cd level was found as 4 times higher than standard drinking level.

Knowledge Management: Journal