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Evaluation of Seed-borne Fungi Associated with Tomato and Their Control Measures

Raihan I. Raju*
Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A number of seed borne fungi such as- Fusarium moniliforme, Curvularia lunata, Alternaria solani, Helminthosporium solani, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger and Penicillium spp. were identified from the selected BARI-8, Nilima, Patharkuchi, Roma and Ratan varieties of tomato seeds. The highest (2.53%) mean incidence of the fungi F. moniliforme were recorded in tomato variety Roma, BARI-8, Nilima and Ratan while the lowest (0.13%) mean incidence of the fungi Penicillium was found in Ratan. The maximum percent of germination (64%) was recorded in both BARI-8 and Patharkuchi varieties, while the minimum (7%) germination in Nilima. The highest seedling vigor index (632.96) was encountered in BARI-8 and the lowest in Nilima. Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum and T. koningii were used as bio-control agents against major seed borne fungi. T. viride showed the significantly effective mycelial growth inhibition against F. moniliforme and C. lunata, while T. harzianum and T. koningii showed poor performance against both tested fungi. In case of botanical extracts, Lawsonia inermis exhibited the maximum (82.15% and 86.24%) inhibition of mycelium growth of F. moniliforme and C. lunata, respectively. Chemical fungicides, Bavistin (0.5 gm/l) inhibited 65% mycelial growth against F. moniliforme, while higher concentration of chemical fungicide gave 81% inhibition of C. lunata. The results suggested that, L. inermis phytoextract can possibly be exploited for the management of seed-borne pathogenic fungi of tomato in an environmental friendly way.

Keywords: Antagonistic fungi, Botanical extracts, Seed borne fungi, Tomato seeds.

Location: Mycology, Plant Pathology and Crop Protection Laboratory, Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka

Start Date: 00-12-2013

End Date: 00-03-2014

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Fungal Disease, Tomato

Objectives:

The present research has been undertaken to detect the seed-borne fungi associated with five selected varieties of tomato and assess the efficacy of biological control agents against major seed-borne pathogenic fungi of tomato as compare to chemical fungicides.

Methodology:

Seeds of five different tomato varieties such as BARI-8, Nilima, Patharkuchi, Roma and Ratan were collected from local market of Savar and Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Crop Improvement, Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University and used as materials in this investigation. The experiments were conducted in Mycology, Plant Pathology and Crop Protection Laboratory, Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, during the period of December-March, 2014. Isolation and identification of seed-borne pathogens: Direct isolation method was performed for isolation of fungal pathogens from the selected seeds of tomato. This method consisted of incubation of seeds in humid chamber with surface sterilization following Standard Blotter Method (ISTA, 2003). Identification of isolated fungi were done following the Manuals- Dematiaceous Hypomycetes (Ellis, 1971) and Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi (Barnett & Hunter, 1998). Germination test and determination of vigor index: This experiment was done by using standard Paper Towel Method (ISTA, 2003). Germination rate were expressed in percentage by the following formula-Germination rate = Total number of germinated seeds/Total number of experimental seeds x100. The vigor of the seedlings was determined using following formula- Vigor index = (Mean of root length + Mean of shoot length) × Percentage of seed germination. Fungal growth inhibition using antagonistic fungi: Mycelial growth inhibition of F. moniliforme and C. lunata by T. viride, T. harzianum and T. koningii was determined using duel culture technique and percentage of mycelial growth inhibition was calculated. Fungal growth inhibition using botanical extracts: Methanolic extract of Lawsonia inermis and Datura stramonium were used against F. moniliforme and C. lunta to check that if fungal growth can be checked with these or not. Botanical extract of L. inermis and D. stramonium were made by adding 20 ml of methanol in the morter and pressing and squeezing 4gm of fresh leaves with a clean pastle. The extract was then filtered with a muslin cloth and stored in a tube for use. The percent mycelial growth inhibitions of selected fungi were calculated following standard formula as described earlier. Chemical control: Two commercially available fungicides viz. Bavistin (Carbendazin 50% DF) and Indofil (Mancozeb 75% WP) were tested in vitro to evaluate their efficacy on colony growth by poison food technique (Dhingra and Sinclair, 1985). Requisite quantity of fungicides were added to the medium to having concentrations of 0.5 gm/l, 1.00 gm/l and 2.00 gm/l for Bavistin and 1.00 gm/l, 2.00 gm/l and 3.00 gm/l concentrations for Indofil. The percent mycelial growth inhibition of treated fungi was calculated as described earlier.

Source of Information: Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 6(2): 59-66, 2017 (December)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The findings of the present study indicate that the botanical extract of L. inermis showed the significant result in controlling major seed-borne fungal pathogens and it has also the strong potentiality for treating seeds of tomato in controlling seed-borne fungal diseases. However, we need to explore the active ingredient of L. inermis leaf which inhibited the fungal pathogens.

Knowledge Management: Journal