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Efficacy of Some New Genearation Insecticides and a Botanical Against Mustard Aphid and Their Toxicity to Coccinellid Predators and Foraging Honeybees

N. K. Dutta
Entomology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh

S. N. Alam
Entomology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. Mahmudunnabi
Entomology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. F. Khatun
Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh

Y. J. Kwon
School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Field studies were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of four new generation insecticides along with a botanical against mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi Kalt.) and their toxicity to coccinellid beetles and foraging honeybees during 2014-15 at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh. Buprofezin 40 SC was found to be the most effective against aphid offering the lowest aphid population (1.56/ top10cm central twig) at 7 days after spraying (DAS) which was statistically identical to Diafenthiuron 500SC (1.85/ top10cm central twig). Among the treatments, Azadiractin 1EC appeared to be safest to coccinellid beetles and foraging honeybees because it recorded the highest number of beetle (7.50 /5 plants) and honeybee (9.64 /plot/5 min) population at 7 DAS, although honeybee population did not vary statistically with that of Buprofezin 40 SC and Lufenuron 5EC treated plots. Indoxacarb 145SC was found to be the most toxic against honeybees. However, the highest yield was obtained from Buprofezin 40 SC (1.57 t ha^-1) treated plot although this was statistically identical to that Diafenthiuron 500SC (1.52 t ha^-1) and Azadiractin 1EC (1.48 t ha^-1) treated plots.

Keywords: Mustard aphid, Predators, Honeybee, Insecticides, Neem product

Location: Experimental field of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2014

End Date: 00-00-2015

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Mustard, Insects

Objectives:

To evaluate some new generation and a botanical against aphids destroy mustard and their relative toxicity to coccinellid predators and foraging honeybees.

Methodology:

The research was carried out in experimental field of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) during 2014-15.The land was well prepared by ploughing followed by laddering to ensure proper growth of mustard. The experiment was conducted in a complete randomized block design with 3 replications having plot size of 4 x 3m and spacing between row to row and plant to plant as 30cm and 10cm, respectively. The mustard cultivar BARI- Sarisha 14 was sown on November 10, 2014. There were five treatments including untreated control. Four new generation insecticides, Buprofezin 40SC, Indoxacarb 145SC, Lufenuron 5 EC and Diafenthiuron 500SC along with a with botanical, Azadiractin 1EC were evaluated to see their effectiveness against mustard aphid and relative toxicity to coccinellid predator and foraging honeybee. The test insecticides were applied twice as foliar spray with the help of an air compression high volume sprayer at spray volume rate of 500 L ha^-1. The first spray of insecticides was given when the aphid population reached ETL of 50 per plant (Bath & Singh, 1989) and second after an interval of 10 days. During spraying application care was taken to maintain the distance of 25 cm between the nozzle and plant parts in order to avoid plant damage due to strong spray fluid. The whole plant was thoroughly covered by spray fluid. Sprayer was washed and cleaned after each insecticide spray. All the standard agronomic practices were followed to raise a good crop. The observations on counts of aphid and coccinellid predator were recorded on 10 randomly selected plants per plot. On each plant, 10 cm top central twig were observed to record aphid, while for predators total numbers present in whole plant was recorded. The data on surviving aphid population was reported on the basis of mean aphid population per plant while predators were reported as mean population per five plants. Population of foraging honeybee was counted from whole plot during peak foraging time (11 a.m.) for 5 minutes and was reported as mean population per plot. Precount observation of aphid, predator and honeybee was recorded one day before spraying and subsequent postcount data on 3 and 7 days after spraying (DAS) were also recorded. It is to be noted here that, one species of coccinellid beetles (Coccinella septempunctata) was noticed in the crop. On the other hand, three species (Apis mellifera, A. dorsata and A. cerena ) of honeybee were observed but data were taken together as honeybees. Observations on phytotoxicity symptoms (crop injury) was taken visually on crop injury using 010 scale considering the following symptoms i.e. leaf injury on the tips and leaf surface, wilting, vein clearing, necrosis, epinasty and hyponasty. The seed yield from the each treated and untreated control plot was recorded. Statistical analysis: Data were analyzed by using MSTAT-C software for analysis of variance following randomized completely block design (RCBD) and treatment means were separated by applying Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level of significance.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(4): 725-734, December 2016 ISSN 0258-7122 (Print), 2408-8293 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results of the present in studies are partly comparable to the following findings. National Registration Authority (NRA) (2001) reported that larvae of the oriental lady birds Chilocorus circumdatus) exposed to Buprofezin as 400 g l^-1flowable concentrate at rates 0.5 g l^-1 level resulted in a 60% reduction in adult lady birds. At 0.125 g l^-1, there were no statistical differences from the untreated controls in the number of treated larvae reaching maturity. But Buprofezin was practically nontoxic to honey bees either by contact or ingestion. Streibert et al. (1988) reported that Diafenthiuron has a relatively low toxicity to beneficial insects. But Amin et al. (2014) reported that Diafenthuron was highly toxic to C. septumpunctata as it showed maximum percent reduction (78.93%) after seven days of spray application. Ahn et al. (2013) reported that Lufenuron did not show any toxic effect to honeybee and thought to be safe. Galvan et al. (2005) observed that Indoxacarb may have low acute toxicity to many predators at the suggested rates, and even reduced rates, it may reduce Harmonia axyridis population growth by affecting survival, development, and reproduction. However, Hetrick et al. (2005) observed that Indoxacarb is considered highly toxic to honeybees by contact. Safer and effective insecticides with varying modes of action targeting aphids are needed to relieve the selection for resistance resulting from the indiscriminate application of conventional chemical insecticides throughout the mustard growing regions of Bangladesh. So, from the present study, it could be concluded that, Azadiractin 1EC (Bio neem plus) might be a viable component in mustard aphid IPM program. However, in case of severe infestation alternate spraying of Azadiractin 1EC and Buprofezin 40SC or Diafentiuron 500SC could be adopted in a well designed IPM program against mustard aphid.

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