DS Biswas
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
M Hasan
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
S Mallick
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
NS Juyena
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
M Shoriotullah
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
MR Alam*
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
Anaesthetic combinations, Pre-surgical, During surgery, Post-surgical up to recovery, Anaesthesia.
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
Animal Health and Management
Experimental animals Six apparently healthy ewes of 2 - 3 years old weighing 8 - 12 Kg were housed in a well-ventilated, concrete floor and tin-roofed shed, with access to food and water ad libitum. Animals were maintained under uniform conditions of feeding and management under a veterinarian’s supervision. Ewes were dewormed with anthelmintics (AMactin plus® Acme Pharmaceuticals, Bangladesh, Ltd) and vaccinated against PPR (PPR vaccine® LRI, Bangladesh) and FMD (Rakhsha, Indian Immunology Ltd). The sheep were fed roadside grass from 9 am to 5 pm and supplemented with 300 gms of concentrate once daily. The concentrate was a mixture of crushed maize (25%), wheat bran (50%), soybean meal (20%), fish meal (1%), Di-calcium phosphate (DCP) (1.5%), vitamins-mineral premix (0.5%) and iodized salt (3%). Experimental design The experimental animals were randomly divided into 2 groups: XK (XylazineKetamine) and XT (Xylazine-Thipentone). Group-XK Xylazine hydrochloride (Ilium Xylazill-100, Troy Laboratories Limited, India) was injected intramuscularly @ 1.1 mg/kg body weight and ketamine hydrochloride (GKetamine, Gonoshasthaya Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Bangladesh) was @ 10 mg/kg intramuscularly 5 minutes after xylazine administration. Group-XT Freshly prepared thiopentone sodium (Thioton 500, Tecno Drugs Ltd, Bangladesh) @ 20 mg/kg body weight, was given slowly intravenously 5 minutes after xylazine hydrochloride injection @ 1.1 mg/kg body weight. Preparation of the experimental animals The experimental animals were closely monitored from 24 hour prior to anaesthesia. Heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature were recorded. The animals to be anaesthetized in the next morning were isolated from others and starved overnight. Before anaesthesia blood was collected by jugular venipuncture after cleaning with 10% Povidone Iodine (Povisep, Jayson Pharmaceuticals, Bangladesh). Anaesthesia The sheep were restrained with the help of an assistant, and xylazine hydrochloride (1.1 mg/kg) was administered intramuscularly with 1 mL disposable syringe. After five minutes, ketamine hydrochloride (G-Ketamine®, Gonoshasthaya Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Bangladesh) (10 mg/kg), or thiopentone sodium (Thioton® 500, Tecno Drugs Ltd, Bangladesh) (20 mg/kg) were administered slowly through the jugular vein. Monitoring of clinical parameters Respiratory rate Respiratory rate was recorded by monitoring flank. Respiratory rate was recorded 15 mins before anaesthesia, 5, 15, 30 min after induction of anaesthesia, after recovery and 24 hours after recovery. Heart rate Heart rate was recorded using stethoscope over the left side of the chest for one minute. Heart rate was recorded 15 mins before anaesthesia, 5, 15, 30 min after induction of anaesthesia, after recovery and 24 hours after recovery. Rectal temperature The bulb of the clinical thermometer was inserted into the rectum at least 4 cm from the anus in contact with the rectal mucosa for 2 minutes. The temperature was recorded in Fahrenheit (°F) 15 mins before anaesthesia, 5, 15, 30 min after induction of anaesthesia, after recovery and 24 hours after recovery. Haematological parameters Blood samples were collected before premedication and 60 minute and 24 hrs after induction of anaesthesia. Venous blood (4 mL) was collected by jugular venipuncture in vials containing Lithium Heparin and the following estimations were made within half an hour of blood collection. i. Packed cell volume (%); ii. Haemoglobin (gm/dL); iii. Total leucocyte count (millions per cubic millimetre); iv. Total erythrocyte count (Thousands per cubic millimetre). Monitoring of anaesthesia Induction and duration of anaesthesia The period from time of injection to the onset of recumbency was recorded as the period of induction. The period from induction to a stage when reflexes reappeared was considered as the period of anaesthesia. Recovery from anaesthesia The recovery period was considered as the interval between reappearance of consciousness and the ewe standing. Statistical analysis Student’s paired “t” test for correlated data was used to determine whether the changes observed in the clinical parameters significantly differ from control values. Results were assessed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test in “MSTAT” computer program.
The Bangladesh Veterinarian (2017) 34(1): 9 –19
Journal