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Economic Performance of Onion Under Albizia Lebbeck, Melia Azedarach and Leucaena Leucocephala Based Agroforestry Systems

M.H.A. Amin
Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.

J.P. Roy
Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.

M.S. Rahman
Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.

M. Kajal
Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was carried out at the Agroforestry and Environment Research Farm, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur, during November 2013 to April 2014 to evaluate the agro- economic performance of onion under kalokoroi, goraneem and ipil-ipil based agroforestry systems. The experiment was conducted in newly established orchard of multipurpose tree species namely Albizia lebbeck (Kalokoroi), Melia azedarach (Ghoraneem) and Leucaena leucocephala (Ipil-ipil) the tree saplings were planted at the spacing (3m×3m) and the orchard was 8 years old. The experiment included a popular onion variety Taherpuri was used for the study. The experiment was laid out following the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three (3) replications. Total number of experimental plots was 12. The unit plot size was 2.5m × 2.5m = 6.25m². The treatments of the experiment were T₀= Open field + onion, T₁= Albizia lebbeck + onion, T₂= Melia azedarach + onion and T₃= Leucaena leucocephala + onion. The results of the research revealed that effect of trees were significant in respect of plant height at 30,45,60 and 75 DAT, number of leaf/plant at 30,45 and 75 DAT except 60 DAT, bulb diameter, bulb fresh and dry weight and bulb yield (t/ha). In initial stage 30 DAT the tallest plant (24.27 cm) was recorded in Leucaena leucocephala + onion based AFS. Consequently, the shortest plant was observed (20.07 cm) in sole cropping of onion (T₀). In final stage at 75 DAT the tallest plant height 51.01 cm was found under Leucaena leucocephala + onion based AFS followed by Melia azedarach + onion based AFS (49.83 cm). On the other hand the shortest plant height 44.83 cm was recorded in sole cropping of onion. At 30 DAT, the maximum number of leaves palnt^-1(4.80) was recorded under Leucaena leucocephala + onion based agroforestry production system. Apparently, the minimum number of leaves plant^-1 (3.77 at 30 DAT) was observed in onion sole cropping production. The highest bulb diameter (4.40 cm) was measured in sole cropping of onion production and the lowest bulb diameter (3.85 cm) was measured under Leucaena leucocephala based agroforestry production system which was similar to that of T₂ (3.87 cm) and T₁ (3.92 cm), respectively. The highest fresh weight of bulb plant^-1 (27.04 g) was found in sole cropping of onion followed by (25.33 g) Albizia lebbeck + onion based agroforestry production system, respectively. The highest benefit-cost ratio of 3.58 was recorded from Albizia lebbeck + onion based agroforestry production system followed by Leucaena leucocephala + onion based agroforestry production system and Melia azedarach + onion based agroforestry production system. The lowest benefit-cost ratio of 2.56 was observed in sole cropping of onion. Finally, it may be concluded that onion can be cultivated profitably in Albizia lebbeck based agroforestry production systems.

Keywords: Economic performance, Onion, Multipurpose tree, Agroforestry

Location: Agroforestry and Environment Research Farm, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur

Start Date: 00-11-2013

End Date: 00-04-2014

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Onion

Objectives:

1. To find out the growth and yield of onion under Albizia lebbeck, Melia azedarach and Leucaena leucocephala based agroforestry system along with sole cropping control condition and

2. To measure the economic performance of onion under Albizia lebbeck, Melia azedarach and Leucaena leucocephala based agroforestry system.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in Agroforestry and Environment Research Farm, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during November, 2013 to April, 2014. It was laid out following the RCBD with three (3) replications. Total number of experimental plots was 12. The unit plot size was 2.5m × 2.5m = 6.25 m². The treatments of the experiment were T₀= Open field + Onion, T₁= Albizia lebbeck + Onion, T₂= Melia azedarach + Onion and T₃= Leucaena leucocephala + Onion. The spacing for all the tree species were 3m × 3m and the age were 8 years. The status of the woodlots at the time of the experiment was Albizia lebbeck: plant height 12.0m, clean bole height 5.5m, base girth 1m, bole girth 0.8m, Melia azedarach: plant height 13.5m, clean bole height 5.0m, base girth 1.1m, bole girth 0.9m, Leucaena leucocephala: plant height 16.5m, clean bole height 6.5m, base girth 0.9m, bole girth 0.7m. A popular onion variety Taherpuri was used for the study. This is a high yielding indeterminate type variety. The seeds of the variety were collected from the Dinajpur seed market. The variety was marketed by ACI seed Company Limited. Onion seedlings were raised in a seed bed situated on a relatively high land adjacent to the Agroforestry and Environment Research field. Five gram of seeds was sown in a seedbed on November 10^th, 2013. Sown seeds were covered with light soil. Complete germination of the seeds took place within 7 days after sowing. Weeding, mulching and irrigation were done from time to time as and when needed. The land of experimental plot was opened in the 2^nd week of December 2013 with spade and it was made ready for transplanting. The layout was done as per experimental design. The fertilizer and manure doses were 217 kg N/ha, 227 kg P₂O₅/ha and 187 kg K₂O/ha and cow dung 14000 kg/ha. Full cow dung and TSP were added to the soil at final land preparation. Half of Urea and MP were applied at the time of land preparation and remaining urea and MP were top dressed in two equal installations at 25 and 50 days after transplanting. Fifty days old healthy and disease free seedlings were uprooted from the seedbed and transplanted in to the main field on 30^th December 2013 maintain spacing 15 cm plant to plant and line to line 10cm. Manual weeding was done as and when necessary to keep the plots completely free from all weeds. Irrigation were provided throughout the growing period. The first one was done at 10 days after transplanting. Subsequently irrigation were given at 15 days interval. The crop was harvested on 4 April, 2014. Before 10 days of harvest, when the plants attained maturity by showing drying up of leaves and weakening of necks, the crop was bended at the soil level by hands and kept as such up to harvest to hasten maturity (Faruq 2001). The onion was lifted with the help of khurpi. Care was taken so that no bulb was injured during lifting. Then they were kept in a cool and dry place for curing. Five plants were selected randomly from each plot and tagged properly for data collection. Data were recorded from the sample plants during experimentation as plant height (cm), number of leaves per plant, bulb diameter (cm), fresh weight of bulb per plant (g), dry weight of bulb per plant (g) and yield of bulb (ton per hectare). In order to work out the economic profitability of the agroforestry systems, the economic yield of onion and trees was subjected to economic analysis by calculating the cost of cultivation, gross and net returns per hectare and benefit-cost ratio. All these parameters were calculated on the basis of market prices prevailing at the time of the termination of experiments. Data were statistically analyzed using the “Analysis of Variance” (ANOVA) technique with the help of the computer package MSTAT. The mean differences were adjusted by the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: J. Innov. Dev. Strategy 11(1):1-8 (April 2017)

Article Link (Online Journal): http://ggfjournals.com/e-journals archive

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The most useful spices onion may be adapted to inter-crop in different tree (Albizia lebbeck, Melia azedarach and Leucaena leucocephala) based agroforestry production system. The production of onion is highest in sole cropping as sun light, temperature and wind movement available, but Albizia lebbeck + onion based agroforestry production system is suitable among other tree based agroforestry production system. Finally, on the basis of economic return the highest benefit-cost ratio of 3.58 was recorded from Albizia lebbeck + onion based agroforestry production system followed by Leucaena leucocephala + onion based agroforestry production system and Melia azedarach + onion based agroforestry production system. The lowest benefit-cost ratio of 2.56 was observed in sole cropping of onion. It can be concluded that onion can be cultivated beneficially in Albizia lebbeck based agroforestry production systems.

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