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Antibiotic Combined Hyperimmune Serum Therapy for Peste Des Petits Ruminants Infected Goats

M. R. Islam
Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh

M. Giasuddin
Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh

M. M. Rahman
Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh

M. A. Kati
Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The peste des petits ruminants ( PPR ) has now been recognized as endemic viral disease associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in goats of Bangladesh. As there is no known effective drug against viral diseases, an attempt was made to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic combined hyperimmune serum therapy ( ACHST) against the deadly viral disease, PPR in goats. Naturally PPR infected 128 goats were randomly selected and used for this trial experiment in six different goat farms during the period from March 2001 to July 2003. The distribution of animals were 38 at the BLR1 Goat Isolation Shed, Savar, 31 at Military Goat Farm, Savar, 14 at Bangladesh Missionary Farm, Sripur, 11 at the Olympia Goat Farm, Savar, 23 at the Globe Goat Farm, Kaliakoir and 11 at the Islam Nagar Goat Farm, Savar, and each of the selected goat was injected with specific hyperimmune serum @ 10 ml / goat IV daily for 3 days and oxytetracycline @ 1 ml / 10 kg body weight IM twice at 48 hours intervals, which resulted 78.94%, 70.97%, 57.14%, 63.64%, 60.87%, 63.64% and 68.75% recovery rates respectively with an average of 68.75%. The comparative evaluation of ACHST at different stages of naturally PPR infected goats showed highest recovery rate in incubation period ( 90.63% ), followed by prodromal ( 78.13% ), pneumonic ( 73.33%) and lowest in diarrhoeal ( 46.93%) phases. It may be concluded from these results that ACHST could be used as therapeutic measures for PPR infected goats.

Keywords: Goat, PPR, Antibiotic, Hyperimmune serum, Therapy

Location: Different areas of Dhaka and Gazipur District

Start Date: 00-03-2001

End Date: 00-07-2003

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Goat, Diseases and insects

Objectives:

To determine the Antibiotic Combined Hyperimmune Serum Therapy For Peste Des Petits Ruminants Infected Goats.

Methodology:

The therapeutic trial with antibiotic combined hyperimmune serum therapy (ACHST ) was conducted on 128 clinically infected Black Bengal goats aged between 8 to 30 months, maintained at the six different goat farms during the period from March 2001 to July 2003. These selected goats belonged to the BLRI Goat Isolation Shed, Savar ( n = 38 ), Military Goat Farm, Savar ( n = 31), Bangladesh Missionary Farm, Sripur ( n = 14 ), Olympia Goat Farm, Savar ( n = 11 ), Globe Goat Farm, Kaliakoir ( n = 23 ), and Islam Nagar Goat Farm, Savar ( n = 11). The diagnosis of PPR was made on the basis of history, clinical findings, and isolation and identification of causative virus by AGID test and ELISA as described by Sil et al. ( 2000 — 2001ab ). These selected 128 goats were divided into four groups viz. A, B, C, and D on the basis of phases of infection cycle. Group A consisting of 49 goats with diarrhoea and pneumonia signs, Group B consisting of 15 goats showed only signs of pneumonia, Group C consisting of 32 goats with high fever, ocular and nasal discharges, and Group D consisting of 32 contact goats in the same shed.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. ( 2003 ). 1 ( 1 ) : 49 - 51

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Outbreaks of the PPR have been reported to be associated with high morbidity (100%) and mortality (50-90%) rates in susceptible goats and the disease is now considered endemic in Bangladesh (Sil et al., 2000 - 2001ab). There are no known effective drugs against virus etiology of this disease. However, hyperimmune serum and supportive treatment with fluid therapy for dehydration and antibiotics to prevent secondary bacterial infection could be used to save the life of the infected goats. Accordingly, a treatment trial study was conducted with antibiotic combined hyperimmune serum therapy (ACHST) in 128 PPR infected goats of six different goat farms in Bangladesh. Of the 128 goats treated with ACHST, of which 88 (68.75%) goats recovered from the disease within 3 to 5 days of treatment. The recovery rate at BLRI Goat Isolation Shed was found highest ( 78.94% ), followed by Military Goat Farm ( 70.97% ), Olympia Goat Farm (63.64%), Islam Nagar Goat Farm ( 63.64%), Globe Goat Farm (60.87%) and Bangladesh Missionary Farm (57.14%). Comparatively higher recovery rate (78.94%) of PPR infected goats of BLRI Goat Isolation Shed might be due to their better hygienic care and management along with the therapy. The recovery rates at different clinical phases of PPR infected goats like incubation, prodromal, pneumonic and diarrheal phase were 90.63%, 78.13%, 73.33% and 46.93% respectively. The present study revealed that ACHST at incubation phase of PPR infection provides better recovery rate than at other phases of infection. The findings of this study is better than the findings of Anene et al. (1987) who studied the appraisement of the treatment of naturally occurring PPR in goats with oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol 25% aqueous solution and metamerazine in different groups at the recommended dose rates and found recovery rate of 14.29%. The authors did not use hyperimmune serum against PPR along with antibiotic therapy. Wosu ( 1990) also found better recovery rate ( 58.8%) in PPR therapy with broad spectrum antibiotics ( chloramphenicol, penicillin, streptomycin ) along with intestinal sedatives, fluid therapy and scrubbing the labial scabs with lemon fruits. It may be concluded from this study that ACHST can be used successfully to limit the spread of virus and to recover the PPR infected goats that are under incubation and in early stage of infection.

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