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Some Aspects of Shrimp Farming Systems and Shrimp Production Management: Bangladesh Perspective

Sarkar, A. K.
KMI International-Organic Shrimp Project, Bangladesh

M. N. Islam
Department of Zoology, Rajshahi University

F. H. Ansary
ACI Limited, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Shrimp is one of the leading exportable seafood products in Bangladesh. In the 2017-2018 financial year the country has exported 36168 MT products. Present research work was conducted in three Upazilas (Kaliganj, Syam Nagar and Assasuni) in Sathkira district. Three different farming practices (organic, traditional and control) were selected for the research programme. The working farmers in the farming practices were found to follow the traditional farming in the early times. Average production was found 275 kg/ha in the traditional farming practices. This is the lowest shrimp production in the world. Reasons are lack of better technology, dearth of quality seed and feed and effect of shrimp diseases. Small-scale organic shrimp farming practice was found to maintain better production and profitability in the three experimental Upazilas. Three different farming practices (viz. organic, traditional and control/ extensive farming) were taken under interview to collect data. A comparison of the production (kg/ha/yr) of three years’ time (2012 to 2014) was made for analysis in the study. The highest production rate was recorded in organic shrimp farming. It was 13.16% higher than the traditional and 15.14% higher than the control/extensive shrimp farming system. Traditional shrimp farming production was 1.98% higher than that of the control/extensive shrimp farming. Percentage of gross sell of organic system was 14.01% higher than traditional and 15.89% higher than that of the control/extensive shrimp farming. The traditional shrimp gross sell was 1.87% higher than the control shrimp. Interviews and PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) method were used for the collection of data. The main research question was ‘effect dose’ on the overall production, income and impact on biodiversity. Recording data showed that the organic farming practice is more sustainable and environmentally sound system. Organic farming system showed less input cost and higher production value. Organic shrimp farming system increases image value of Bangladesh in the international market.

Keywords: Organic; Traditional; Extensive Shrimp farming; Production; Income; Biodiversity

Location: (Kaliganj, Syam Nagar and Assasuni) in Sathkira district.

Start Date: 00-00-2017

End Date: 00-00-2018

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Commodity: Shrimp

Objectives:

The article attempts to provide a more impartial assessment of the sector’s main features and potentials which may prove useful in preparing appropriate development plans for the sector in future.

Methodology:

The methods used during study period have been described under different sub headings like Baseline survey, Focus group discussion (FGD), Key person selections, Case Study, Demonstration for the pond farmers, Impact assessment and Data processing and analyses. Baseline survey A questionnaire was developed for ‘baseline survey’. Data entry was made in Microsoft excel sheet accordingly. Primarily, a field survey was carried out with the questionnaire and then the information was processed as per the need of the applying practices. The information collected was recorded in consultation with organic shrimp project (OSP) representatives. Forty five farmers were selected for the three sub stations (Kaliganj, Syam Nagar, Asasuni) in Sathkhira district. Fifteen farmers were interviewed in each of the sub stations. The people of OSP cooperated to select the farmers for the ‘questionnaire survey’ according to the convenience of the participating farmers. During the survey interview, open discussion was made with the farmers on the selected ponds. The information in the questionnaire were fed into the computer in Microsoft excel for analysis. Focus group discussion (FGD) FGD was conducted through an ‘open group discussion meeting’ with farmers in the field. Three groups of farmers were selected in the three-sub stations with three different culture practices (viz. Organic, Traditional and Control farming). Each group was formed with 10-15 farmers. In the groups, there were three different culture practicing farmers. They were of different age groups from 19 to 58 yrs). During the FGD open practices, questions were asked to all participants on shrimp farming practice in their communities. During this focus group discussion, the farmers were asked on comparison between paddy and shrimp framings; effects on ecology and on biodiversity in different shrimp farming practices were also among other questions. After the long discussion they came to a consensus. Key person selections To obtain the expert opinion, some key persons were selected in the different sub-stations of different categories. The sub-station (Upazila) fisheries officers and social elite persons were selected as key persons. They were discussed in personal meetings and the same questionnaires, as were given to the farmers, were given to them for the collection of information. In addition, they were also asked supplementary questions in relation to different farming practices. The supplementary questions were asked mainly on ‘income’ and ‘production’ of the farm. The NGO representatives were asked on their field activities. The social elite persons were also asked questions on the local fellow farmer’s activities on their shrimp production systems. The Department of Fisheries (DoF) keeps the records/documents on the ‘income’ and ‘production’ of shrimps Upazila-wise and yearly basis. Case study Case studies were also conducted with the three categories of farmers of the three Upazilas. The educated and proper competent farmers were selected for the case study. Semi structured interview processes were followed during the case study. All 45 farmers used to keep their farm-records on inputs use, labour use, PL stocking, shrimp sales and miscellaneous records in the pond-record books, which were checked quarterly. During the case study, the farmers presented their opinion freely. At the end of the ‘culture season’, a workshop was organized regularly with the 45 farmers to record the differences in the three farming practices. Camera and tape recorder were used during the information collection. Information collections were rechecked regularly and quarterly. Baseline questionnaires were used to collect yearly information from the 45 farmers at the end of the each ‘culture season’. Duration of the survey lasted for three years long from the years 2012 to 2014. Data processing and analyses Three-year data from the 45 ponds were collected regularly as per the study plan. The ‘case study’, ‘key persons’ and ‘focus group discussion’ data were collected at the time of interview with different stakeholders. The collected data were analyzed following different statistical methods and finally prepared a report accordingly. Data were collected and sorted in Microsoft Office Excel programme. Pivot tables were established to prepare the data for exporting into a statistical programme. Statistical analysis was made by using the JMP8 software package by SAS Corporation. Data collected throughout the study period (2012-2014) were analyzed to detect differences among three treatment levels (organic, traditional and control) of the experimental systems.

Source of Information: J. biodivers. conserv. bioresour. manag. 5(2), 2019

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/jbcbm.v5i2.44919

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In the three different farming models, it is found that the organic shrimp farming system stands more viable in almost all respects. It is due to less production cost, higher production rate and higher sells in comparison to the traditional and extensive farming models. On the other hand, it is also observed that in terms of the protection of biodiversity and ecology, the farming system is more appropriate than traditional farming.

Knowledge Management: Journal