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Isolation and Characterization of Enterobacteria Associated with Health and Disease in Sonali Chickens

M. G. Haider
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. G. Hossain
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. S. Hossain
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

E. H. Chowdhury
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

P. M. Das
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. M. Hossain
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Bacteriological examination on intestinal swabs of 30 apparently healthy and 30 sick / dead Sonali chickens (Fayoumi hen x RIR cock), aged between 25 to 60 weeks were carried out to determine the enteropathogens associated with health and disease, during the period from March to October 2003. These birds of either sex and reared under semi-scavenging system under the SLDP-2 project area in the district of Feni. The 60 swabs were collected at slaughter / necropsy in sterile nutrient and tetrathionate broth. In addition, the gross tissue changes of the sick / dead birds were recorded. The prevalent bacterial flora in intestinal swabs were Salmonella ( 33.33% ), E. coli ( 95.0% ), Staphylococcus ( 51.66%), Streptococcus ( 40%) and Pasteurella multocida (3.33%) of which Salmonella (36.66%) and E. coli (26.66% ) were associated with marked pathological lesions. The isolated enteropathogens and their associated gross and histopathological changes are described and discussed. It may be concluded from this study that the enteric bacteria usually remain as clinically overt infection and do not produce clinical disease unless or until other factors are involved.

Keywords: Enterobacteria, Apparently healthy chickens, Sick Chickens, Dead chickens, Pathology

Location: Feni and Dhaka districts, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-03-2003

End Date: 00-10-2003

Program Area: Chemical Analysis

Commodity: Chicken, Diseases

Objectives:

To identify the isolation and characterization of enterobacteria of apparently healthy and sick/dead Sonali chickens and their association in clinical disease.

Methodology:

Intestinal swabs were collected from 60 (30 samples from healthy and 30 samples from sick / dead) chickens aged between 25 to 60 weeks at slaughter or necropsy in sterile test tubes containing sterile nutrient and tetrathionate broth by using sterilized cotton tipped swab stick from SLDP-2 area, Feni and Government Central Poultry Farm, Mirpur, Dhaka, during the period from March to October 2003. Culture of bacteria: The broth containing swabs in the test tubes were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours for the growth of bacteria. Then they were plated on different culture media and subcultured following standard procedure for the isolation of specific bacterial colonies (Merchant and Packer, 1967; Cowen, 1974 and Buxton and Fraser, 1977). Staining of bacteria: Modified Gram's and Leishman's stains were used for the staining of isolated bacteria as described by Merchant and Packer (1967) and Cheesbrough (2000) for study their morphology. Biochemical tests: The isolated bacteria were subjected to different biochemical test. Fermentation of different sugars, Methyl Red, Voges-Proskauer, Indole, Catalase and Coagulase were performed for identification of the organisms following the procedures described by Merchant and Packer (1967) and Cheesbrough (2000). Motility test: New broth cultures of the organisms were incubated at 37°C or below the optimum temperature (22°C), was examined in 'hanging drop' preparation, using a high power oil immersion objective with reduced illumination (Carter,1979). Gross pathology: The birds were necropsied within few hour of death or collection. At necropsy, the organs were examined carefully and gross tissue changes were recorded. The lesion containing representative tissues samples from suspected bacterial disease cases were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathological studies (Stubbs, 1954). Histopathology: The formalin-fixed tissues were trimmed, processed, sectioned and finally stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (Luna,1968).

Source of Information: Bang!. J. Vet. Med. ( 2004 ). 2 ( 1 ) : 15-21

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The bacteriological methods were used to isolate and identify the enterobacteria in 30 apparently healthy and 30 sick / dead chickens. Salmonella spp. (33.33), E. coli (95.0%), Staphylococcus spp. (51.66%), Streptococcus spp. (40.0%) and P. Multocida (3.33%) were isolated from the intestinal swabs of 60 birds, but Salmonella spp. (36.66%) and E. coli (26.66%) organisms were found to be associated with marked pathological lesions and disease. The recorded cases of salmonellosis ( 36.66% ) and colibacillosis ( 96.66%) in the present study, were relatively lower than the reports of other authors (Wilkins et al., 2002; Saleque et al., 2003). Salmonellosis and colibacillosis were confirmed by isolating the organisms from infected birds, necropsy findings and histopathologic lesions. All the parameters used for the diagnosis of salmonellosis and colibacillosis corresponded with the findings of many authors ( Chishti et al., 1985; North and Bell, 1990; Chauhan and Roy, 1996; Jordan and Pattison, 1996; Ley and Yoder, 1997; Talha et al., 2001; Pikpinyo et al., 2002; Shome et al., 2002; Wilkins et al., 200 and Saleque et al., 2003 ). Therefore, the present investigation reveals that the presence of bacteria in the intestine are not directly related to the production of the disease in Sonali chickens. The birds show relatively less susceptibility to bacterial diseases. It may be speculated that some other factors are associated with the production of diseases.

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