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Biological Control of Leaf Blight of Wheat Caused by Bipolaris Sorokiniana

M. M. Hossain
Principal Scientific Officer (Plant Pathology)
Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Jamalpur, Bangladesh

K. M. Khalequzzaman
Principal Scientific Officer (Plant Pathology)
Spices Research Centre (SRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Shibganj, Bogura, Bangladesh

I. Hossain
Professor
Department of Plant Pathology, BAU, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Five plant extracts including neem (Azadirachta indica), mehedi (Lawsonia alba), garlic clove (Allium sativum), rhizome of ginger (Zingiber officinales), seeds of black cumin (Nigella sativa), and BAU-Biofungicide (a Trichoderma based preparation) were used to evaluate the performance or effectiveness of those biological control agent on Bipolaris leaf blight of wheat and related pathogen (Bipolaris sorokiniana). Pathogenic reaction was observed in Bipolaris sorokiniana against different treatments by detached leaf method where leaf spot size was minimum (4.5mm) with BAU-Biofungicide and maximum leaf spot size (32.5mm) with control. Effect of seed treatment on wheat plant was evaluated by rolled paper towel method and BAU-Biofungicide, extracts of garlic clove and neem leaf at the value of 13, 12 and 10%, respectively higher normal seedlings and BAU-Biofungicide also resulted 26.6% higher vigour index over control. In pot and field experiments, BAU-Biofungicide and extract of garlic clove were superior. Multiplication effect of seed treatment plus foliar spray showed superior effect by BAU-Biofungicide including higher 1000-grain weight (43.92g) and grain yield (2.75 t/ha). Seed treatment with Bavistin and foliar spray with Tilt showed 1000-grain weight and grain yield by 47.12g and 3.0t/ha, respectively. BAU-Biofungicide increased grain yield (29.87%) over control.

Keywords: Detached leaf, Biofungicide, Wheat, BAU-Biofungicide

Location: Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladeslh

Start Date: 15-11-2011

End Date: 30-04-2012

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases, Wheat, Biological

Objectives:

To develop a suitable biological control approach for the management of leaf blight of wheat without use any chemicals.

Methodology:

The seeds of wheat variety Kanchan (highly susceptible to leaf blight) were collected from Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Jessore. Five plant materials including leaves of neem (Azadirachta indica), mehedi (Lawsonia alba), garlic clove (Allium sativum), rhizome of ginger (Zingiber officinales) and seeds of black cumin (Nigella sativa) were collected from Botanical garden of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) and local market of Mymensingh. BAU-Biofungicide (a Trichoderma based preparation) was obtained from the Disease Resistance Laboratory of the Department of Plant Pathology, BAU, Mymensingh. Required amount of seeds presented each treatment with plant extracts (at 1% suspension), BAUBiofungicide (at 2.5% seed weight) and Bavistin (at 0.1%) separately over night by dipping method and then separate the seeds by air dried. 1% suspension of plant extracts. Plant extracts and BAU-Biofungicide were prepared according to the method of Hossain and Azad (1994) and Hossain (2011). Excised leaf method and rolled paper towel method were performed the according to the method of Hossain and Schlosser (1993), and Singh and Rao (1997). The preparation of B. sorokiniana inoculum followed CIMMYT method (Gilchrist, 1985). Treated seeds were sown in pots (10 seeds/pot) at 2 cm depth in the soil with four replications. Irrigation and weeding were carried out and thinned to five seedlings. Preparation of pot soil was done following the method of Dasgupta (1988). Experiments were conducted in the laboratory and experimental field of the Department of Plant Pathology, BAU, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Completely randomized design with 4 replications in pot and randomized block design with three replications in field experiments were maintained. The plot size was 10 m² and date of sowing was 6th December, 2011.

Data on percent germination, percent abnormal seedlings, shoot and root length, yield and yield contributing characters were collected and analyzed. Vigour index (VI) was computed using the formula of Baki and Anderson (1973) as shown below: Vigor index= (Mean shoot length + Mean root length) x percent Germination Leaf blight severity was scored three times on double digit scale (00-99) reported by Saari and Prescott (1975) commencing from the water ripe to early dough stage (Zadoks et al. 1974). Disease data were converted to percent diseased leaf area (percent DLA) and then area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated according to the method of Sharma and Duveiller (2003).

Source of Information: Bull. Inst. Trop. Agr., Kyushu Univ., 39: 43-51, 2016; Print ISSN : 0915-499X

Article Link (Online Journal): URL: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bita/39/1/39_043/_pdf; Online ISSN : 1881-4212

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Pathogenic reaction was observed in Bipolaris sorokiniana against different treatments by detached leaf method where leaf spot size was minimum (4.5mm) with BAU-Biofungicide and maximum leaf spot size (32.5mm) with control. Effect of seed treatment on wheat plant was evaluated by rolled paper towel method and BAU-Biofungicide, extracts of garlic clove and neem leaf at the value of 13, 12 and 10%, respectively higher normal seedlings and BAU-Biofungicide also resulted 26.6% higher vigour index over control. Multiplication effect (seed treatment plus foliar spray of same treatment) of different treatments was examined to determine the efficacy for disease control. In pot and field experiments, though Bavistin and Tilt were most effective however, BAU-Biofungicide and extract of garlic clove were superior compared with the treatments used for controlling leaf blight of wheat. Multiplication effect of seed treatment plus foliar spray showed superior effect by BAU-Biofungicide including higher 1000-grain weight (43.92g) and grain yield (2.75 t/ha). Seed treatment with Bavistin and foliar spray with Tilt showed 1000-grain weight and grain yield by 47.12g and 3.0 t/ha, respectively. Our data also revealed that BAU-Biofungicide increased grain yield (29.87%) over control.

Knowledge Management: Journal