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Socioeconomic Determinants of BARI Mustard-14 Adoption at Farm Level in Selected Areas of Bangladesh

Mst. Esmat Ara Begum
Agricultural Economics Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh

M. A. Monayem Miah
Agricultural Economics Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh

M. A. Matin
Agricultural Economics Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh

F. Easmin
Project Implementation and ICT Wing, Department of Agriculture Extension, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Mohammad Ismail Hossain
Department of Agribusiness and Marketing, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

BARI mustard-14 variety is a prominent mustard variety that is gradually accepted by the farmers of Bangladesh and generating higher income through farming. The focus of this study was to assess socioeconomic factors determining farmers’ decisions to adopt BARI mustard-14. Primary data were collected through multistage random sampling technique from 76 BARI mustard adopters and 74 nonadopters from selected areas. Mean, percentage, standard deviation and Probit model was used. It was found that the rate of adoption of BARI mustard-14 was 38.95% at farm level but adoption rate was higher in Tangail compared to Cumilla and Rajshahi districts. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) recommended practices showed that the adoption of different management techniques is low. Probit model showed that education of the farmer, farm size, availability of seed and influence of Sub Assistant Agriculture Officer (SAAO) enhanced the adoption of BARI mustard-14 variety. Profitability analysis showed that the yield of BARI mustard-14 variety is much higher compared to BARI old variety (Tori-7). The average net return of BARI mustard-14 variety was Tk. 14,450 per ha which was also significantly higher (20.77%) than BARI old mustard variety. The BCR of improved variety (1.23) was significantly higher (85.58%) compared to that of old variety. The policy should be targeted to ensure availability of seed and established linkage between extension agent and farmers to get information regarding BARI mustard-14 production and its technology.

Keywords: Bangladesh, Impact, BARI mustard-14, Adoption

Location: Tangail, Cumilla and Rajshahi districts in Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Mustard

Objectives:

To determine the Socioeconomic determinants of BARI mustard-14 adoption at farm level in selected areas of Bangladesh

Methodology:

Research design, selection of the study area and sampling technique Non-experimental research design was employed for the study. This study was conducted in the three districts namely Tangail, Cumilla and Rajshahi in Bangladesh. Multi stage random sampling techniques were used to collect farm level data. At the first stage, Tangail, Cumilla and Rajshahi districts were randomly selected based on BARI mustard-14 production concentration and presence of BARI mustard-14 technology interventions. At the second stage, two Upazilas were randomly selected from each district and accordingly two villages were randomly selected from each Upazila. Finally, a total of 76 households for BARI mustard-14 and 74 for local varieties were selected for interview to collect primary data. Thus, the total number of samples was 150.

Extent of adoption of BARI mustard-14 cultivation practices Extent of adoption is a measure of selected BARI mustard-14 production technologies recommended by BARI and was measured in terms of the percentage of farmers adopting a particular BARI mustard-14 production technology. Level of adoption of BARI mustard-14 cultivation practices. It is with respect to adoption of those recommended practices which will be divisible and measurable in terms of deviations from the recommended quantities of inputs namely; doses, seed rate, etc. The level of adoption was also measured in terms of deviation from the recommendations of BARI with respect to date, time and period of application of different practices. A farmer was defined as an adopter if he or she was found to be growing any BARI mustard-14. Thus, a farmer could be classified as an adopter, if he/she allotted his/her land for growing BARI mustard-14 variety. For assessing the level of adoption of crop management technologies, respondent farmers were grouped into three categories such as high, medium, and low adopter based on the percent of farmers followed recommended practice with respect to each technology. A higher percentage scored by a particular technology indicates a higher level of adoption, while a lower percentage indicates its lower level of adoption. Adoption level was categorized as high (scored 70100%), medium (50-69%), and low (<50%). Such categorization of adoption levels was used in different studies (Hossain et al., 1997; Miah et al., 2004; Akter et al. 2010; Islam et al, 2013).

Analytical technique: In order to yield the relevant information inconsistent with the objectives of the study, the data were analyzed with the help of suitable statistical measures as frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze and compare the socioeconomic characteristics and institutional variables between adopters and non-adopters. Profitability or cost-benefit analysis (CBA) was used, which includes detailed financial cost of production and returns from BARI mustard 14 and local variety on a per hectare basis. The total cost is composed of total variable costs (TVC) and total fixed costs (TFC) (Begum et al., 2011). TVC includes costs of human labour (both family and hired labour, wherein the cost of family labour is estimated by imputing market wage rate), mechanical power, seed, manure, fertilizers, and pesticides. TFC includes land rent (if owned land is used then the imputed value of market rate of land rent is applied) and interest on operating capital. The gross return (GR) is computed as total mustard output multiplied by the market price of mustard. Profits or gross margin (GM) is defined as GRTVC, whereas the net return (NR) is defined as GR-TC. Finally, the Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) is computed as GR/TC (Begum et al., 2019).

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 18(1): 180–188, 2020

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.5455/JBAU.94761

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The higher percentage of adopter farmers were found in the age group of 31-40 (relatively younger in age) than non-adopter farmers and were supposed to have enormous vigor and risk bearing ability to adopt new technology more rapidly than the older counterparts. About 39.47% and 43.42% adopter, and 48.65% and 25.68% non-adopter had primary and secondary levels of education which is encouraging and spread up technology adoption. SAAO influenced to a greater extent in adopting BARI mustard-14 variety than the influences of other persons in the study areas. The respondent adopters of BARI mustard-14 variety had frequent contact with extension personnel and neighboring farmers, which was more than the contact made by non-adopting farmers in the study areas. Education of the farmer, farm size, availability of seed and influence of SAAO in mustard fields were important variables that had an effect on the likelihood of farmers to adopt. The effect of education level of farmers on improved varieties was significantly positive. Only 20% BARI mustard-14 farmers provided a recommended number of ploughing (4-5 times). Most of them (78%) ploughed their lands 2-3 times, which was below the recommendation. The recommended seed rate for BARI mustard-14 is 6-7 kg/ha. About 53.95% respondent farmers used higher amount of seed than its recommendation. BARI mustard-14 farmers often do not follow the recommendations for applying fertilizers. They tended to either use fertilizers in excess or in very small quantities. The highest percentage of the respondent farmers in Tangail district were found to be very much enthusiastic towards BARI mustard-14 variety due to their short duration (80-85 days) and high yielding characteristics. The BCR of improved variety (1.23) is significantly higher (85.58%) compared to that of old variety. The policy should be focused to establish linkage between SAAO/extension agent and farmers to influence farmers for getting up-to-date knowledge and information regarding BARI mustard-14 production and its technology. The policy should also be focused on smooth operation of the hired labour which will in turn enable the landless labourers to reap the benefits of increase mustard production through wages. This is because labour is the major input in mustard production.

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