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Fatal Haemonchosis (h. Contortus) in Garole Sheep at Coastal Region in Bangladesh

Torun Kumar Paul
Grameen Jano Unnayan Sangstha (GJUS), Altajer Rahman Road, Charnoabad, Bhola- 8300, Bangladesh

Md. Khalilur Rahman
Grameen Jano Unnayan Sangstha (GJUS), Altajer Rahman Road, Charnoabad, Bhola- 8300, Bangladesh

Md. Shahriar Haider
Grameen Jano Unnayan Sangstha (GJUS), Altajer Rahman Road, Charnoabad, Bhola- 8300, Bangladesh

Shib Shankar Saha
Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Khanpura, Babugonj, Barishal-8210, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Among gastro intestinal nematodes, Haemonchus contortus is one of the most pathogenic parasites of small ruminant in many countries of the world, including Bangladesh. Garole breed of sheep are adapted to the hot coastal regions in Bangladesh, and able to graze on marshy land. Sheep farm of Grameen Jano Unnayan Sangstha (GJUS), Bhola, a coastal region of Bangladesh faced sudden lamb mortality during the period of May, 2019 to August, 2019. Routine investigation was performed and data were summarized to find out the etiology, control measures and possible risk factors. During investigation both clinical and management history, physical examination and necropsy were performed. Salient case history includes: only Garole
lamb with poor body condition at hot and humid climate died. Important clinical manifestation is defecation of bad odoured scanty blackish faeces. Physical examination of affected sheep revealed anemia and submandibular edema. Necropsy findings showed numerous Haemonchus sp. and frank haemorrhage in the abomasum. For control, all affected sheep were treated with anthelmintic, Nitroxynil (Nitronex^®) and other supportive therapy; 4 hour after injection with Nitronex^® one sick lamb was died, that might be due to anthelmintic stress, and others recovered within 3-5 days. This is the first report on haemonchosis in Garole sheep at coastal regions of Bangladesh; it will help the sheep rearers in the region to take protective measures against the fatal haemonchosis.

Keywords: Haemonchus contortus, Garole sheep, Coastal region, Bangladesh

Location: Bhola district, a coastal region of Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-05-2019

End Date: 00-08-2019

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Sheep, Diseases

Objectives:

To determine the Fatal Haemonchosis (H. contortus) in Garole Sheep at Coastal Region in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Sheep breeding farm is located Bhola district, a coastal region of Bangladesh. The farm is consisting with 40 Garole and 7 local sheep. After installing in shed, all sheep were dewormed with combined anthelmintic Renadex^® (Triclabendazole and Levamisole). The farm faced sudden mortality of 13Garole lambs at irregular interval during the period May, 2019 to August, 2019. A thorough investigation was done to find out the cause and possible risk factors using following techniques. Clinical history: For investigation, data of breed, age, season, body condition, management, sources of feed, prophylactic measure and treatment were taken into count. Physical examination: Physical examinations of sick lambs were examined by general inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation methods to detect abnormalities. Mucous membrane color of sick animals was examined to find the abnormality. It showed severe pale conjunctiva, then degree of anaemia was evaluated using FAMACHA (FAffa Malan CHArt) method as described by before (Besier et al., 2016a). Post mortem findings: Necropsy was done following the procedures described by Somvansi and Rao, 2009. Treatment responses and advice plan To check the lamb mortality caused by haemonchosis, all affected sheep were treated with Nitroxynil (Nitronex^®) and other multivitamin and mineral supplements such as Aminovit plus^®, Hemovit^®, and Bjec^® and follow-up study was performed for next 3 weeks.

Source of Information: Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 7, No. 1, April 2020: 107-112. ISSN : P-2409-0603, E-2409-9325

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The parasitic nematode, H. contortus has significant threat to health and production of sheep in tropical areas. Based on clinical and managemental history, clinical findings, post mortem findings and gross appearance of the adult parasite, the Garole lamb mortality was diagnosed as fatal haemonchosis. It occurs in sheep and goat due to its improper feeding habit and managemental practices. Nitroxynil is an effective anthelmintic against H. contortus infection of the coastal region of Bangladesh. Combined approaches such as rational use of anthelmintic, regular checking of Haemoncus ova using direct smear of faecal sample examination, anaemia checking using FAMACHA technique, avoid of suspected contaminated grass during peak season of haemonchosis and maintenance of proper nutrition might protect Garole sheep against haemonchosis in the coastal region of Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal