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Morphological Characterization and Diversity of T. Aman Rice Germplasm of Bangladesh

MS Ahmed
Genetic Resources and Seed Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701.

ESMH Rashid
Genetic Resources and Seed Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701.

N Akter
Genetic Resources and Seed Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701.

M Khalequzzaman
Genetic Resources and Seed Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Fifty-four T. Aman rice landraces were studied for 11 morphological and yield contributing characters at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute during T. Aman 2016 season. The largest variation was observed for yield per hill with 53.6% CV, followed by 1000 grain weight (29.9), number of effective tillers per hill (22.8), culm diameter (18.8), leaf width (18.4), leaf length (18.1) and days to maturity (6.7) respectively. The longest leaf was recorded as 82.2 cm and that of culm diameter as 7.57 mm, grain length as 7.2 mm and LB ratio as 3.48. The shortest days to maturity (110 days) was observed in Kajal lata and plant height (86.6 cm) in Haijam. Indursail possessed the longest panicle (31.6 cm) and the highest yield per hill (24.3 g). Based on D² values, all the germplasm were grouped into 15 clusters using Mahalonobis D2 statistic. The maximum numbers of germplasm (7) were grouped into the clusters IV with VI, whereas clusters III and XIII contained the minimum (1). The highest intra-cluster distance (1.0) was found in cluster II and the lowest (0.0) in clusters III and XIII, respectively. The inter-cluster D² values ranged from 19.2 to 0.6 indicating wide range of diversity among the germplasm. Cluster XIII showed the highest leaf length (82.2 cm) and culm diameter (6.5 mm), cluster IX the highest effective tillers per hill (13), cluster II the lowest days to maturity (117), cluster XV the highest grain length (6.1 mm) and cluster I the highest grain LB ratio (2.97), while cluster VIII showed the highest yield per hill (22.0 g), panicle length (28.8 cm) and 1000 grain weight (25.2 g), respectively. Finally, the germplasm under clusters VIII may be selected for crossing with the germplasm from clusters XIII, IX, II, XV and I for developing high yielding varieties with improved panicle length, effective tillers per hill, growth duration and grain type.

Keywords: Morphology, Genetic diversity, T. Aman, Germplasm, Landraces, Rice

Location: Bangladesh Rice Research Institute

Start Date: 00-00-2016

End Date: 00-00-2016

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

The present study was to characterize using morphological traits of the local transplanted Aman rice germplasm of Bangladesh for providing useful information in rice breeding programmes.

Methodology:

Fifty-four newly collected rice landraces from BRRI Genebank were studied for genetic diversity through morphological characterization. The experiment was conducted using a single row of 5.4 m long for each entry with a spacing of 25 × 20 cm between rows and plants respectively during T. Aman 2016 season at Genetic Resources and Seed Division, BRRI, Gazipur. The thirty-five- day-old single seedling was transplanted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. All the fertilizers except N were applied @ 60:20:40:12 kg NPKS/ha at final land preparation. All fertilizers were applied in basal, except urea. Intercultural operations and pest control measures were taken as and when necessary. Data were collected on leaf length (cm), leaf width (mm), culm diameter (mm), effective tillers per hill, panicle length (cm), plant height (cm), days to maturity (days), grain length (mm), grain LB ratio, 1000 grain weight (TGW) and yield per hill (g). Simple statistics (means, ranges etc.) was calculated to have an idea of the level of variation. The genetic diversity was studied following Rao (1952), which was originally developed by the generalized distance (D²) as proposed by Mahalonobis (1936). The germplasm were grouped into clusters using canonical vector analysis. All the statistical analysis regarding diversity was carried out using the GENSTAT 5.5 software.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Rice j. 2018, 22(2): 13-22

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/brj.v22i2.44038

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Since the modern variety with the narrow genetic base are vulnerable to diseases and adverse climatic changes, the genetically diverse genotypes for variety development become more important. Moreover, characterization of landraces could help to utilize appropriate characters in rice improvement programme. Indursail (TA30), Kartikjul (TA24), Kajal lata (TA3) and Subal lata (TA4) are the elite germplasm promising for one or more characters. Finally, the germplasm under clusters VIII may be selected for crossing with the germplasm from clusters XIII, IX, II, XV and I for developing high yielding variety along with long panicle, high effective tiller numbers per hill, short growth duration and long-slender type grain.

Knowledge Management: Journal