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Incidence of Salmonella and Escherichia Coli in Fish Farms and Markets in Dinajpur, Bangladesh

A. Ava
Department of Fisheries Technology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

M. Faridullah
Department of Fisheries Technology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

U. J. Lithi
Department of Fisheries Technology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

V. C. Roy
Department of Fisheries Technology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The research work was conducted to assess the incidence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli (E. coli) contamination in different fish farms and fish markets of Dinajpur district of Bangladesh. The level of incidence of Salmonella contamination was greater in scum samples (93.8%) and for E. coli the higher contamination found in water samples (81.3%). The study showed that, water and fish samples were also Salmonella positive and the percentage was 87.5% and 57.8% respectively and for E. coli contamination about 75% of scum and 75.6% of fish samples were E. coli positive among fish farms samples. In case of market, both basket and fish sample were tested Salmonella positive, the level of incidence of Salmonella contamination was higher for basket samples (100%) and lower in fish samples (48.9%). Meanwhile, E. coli contamination for fish, basket, and mat samples were 75.6%, 68.8% and 75% respectively. Therefore, the results are very much alarming.

Keywords: Contamination; Fish farm; Fish markets; Salmonella; Escherichia coli

Location: Department of Fisheries Technology laboratory, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.

Start Date: 00-03-2017

End Date: 00-09-2017

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Fish

Objectives:

To assess the incidence level of Salmonella and E. coli contamination in fish farms and fish markets of Dinajpur district of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Isolation and identification of Salmonella and E. coli were done by the conventional method that includes screening and biochemical tests. Study area and period- Samples were collected from different fish farms and fish markets of Dinajpur districts of Bangladesh. Fish farms and markets samples were collected from Dinajpur Sadar, Kaharol, Bochagong, Cirrirbondar, Khansama, Parbotipur, Birol and Fulbari Upazila of Dinajpur districts of Bangladesh for isolation and identification of Salmonella and E. coli. The study was conducted for a period of March, 2017 to September, 2017. Sample collection- The samples were collected from two fish farms and markets of each Upazilla of Dinajpur districts of Bangladesh for the detection of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli. Pond water, scum and fish samples (body surface, gills, and peritoneal cavity) were collected from fish farms and samples taken from fish markets were fish (body surface, gill and peritoneal cavity), basket/plastic drums/bowl, and polythene sheet/mat. During sampling, some important information were also collected such as status of sanitation system, culture system, water source etc. of each farm and market through the survey questionnaire. Swab samples of fish (body surface, gill and peritoneal cavity), basket, polythene sheet and mat were aseptically taken by cotton bud and directly streaked on the surface of Salmonella-Shigella agar (S-S agar) plates and pond water and scum samples were inoculated in the pre-enrichment medium. All the collected samples were shifted to the laboratory within 24 hours of the sample taken and incubated. Bacteriological analysis was performed for the detection of Salmonella sp. and E. coli according to the method of American Public Health Association (AOAC, 1984). Bacteriological analysis- Pre-enrichment and Enrichment of samples- The collected samples were pre-enriched in ordinary nutrient broth and further inoculated into tetrathionate broth, selenite broth for selective enrichment and incubated at 35°C for 24 hours at the department of Fisheries Technology laboratory, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. Streaking on to the Selective media- Samples were streaking into the selective media such as Salmonella-Shigella Agar (S-S), Deoxycholate Citrate Agar (DCA), and Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) and incubated at 35⁰C for 24 hrs and typical well isolated colonies were observed. Repeatedly streaking was performed where necessary. Sample preservation- Well isolated colonies were streaking on to the surface of agar slant for samples preservation. Agar slant were prepared from ordinary nutrient agar medium. Then the preserved samples were kept into the refrigerator for further biochemical tests and phenotypic characterization of Salmonella and E. coli. Screening and biochemical tests for phenotypic characterization of Salmonella and E. coli Well isolated colonies of preserved samples were used to perform the screening and biochemical tests for phenotypic characterization of Salmonella and E. coli. The isolates suspected to be Salmonella and E. coli were inoculated to the TSI agar medium. Inoculation was performed with a straight needle by stabbing to the base of the butt, and streaking the slant when the needle was removed. Then it was incubated at 35^o C for 24 hrs. Salmonella cultures typically produced an alkaline (red) slant and acid (yellow) butt, with or without production of H₂S (blackening of butt) in TSI agar and E. coli cultures typically produced an acidic slant and butt, with or without production of gases (CO₂ and H₂). The isolates suspected to be Salmonella and E. coli were inoculated to the EMB agar medium from preserved samples. Inoculation were performed with a inoculating wire by streaking into the medium and incubated at 35^oC for 24 hrs. Salmonella cultures typically produced translucent, amber colored or colorless colonies and E. coli cultures produced black or dark center with or without the greenish metallic sheen (Holt-Harris and Teague 1916). MacConkey agar is a differential media used for the isolation and differentiation of non-fastidious

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.55 (1), 65-72, 2020

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v55i1.46733

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Bacterial food borne illnesses are the most wide spread global public health problems of recent times, and their implication for health and economy is increasingly recognized. Bangladesh is a country with high incidence of bacterial diseases in fish farms due to the most of our water body is not hygienic. The results indicated that all of the collected samples were contaminated with Salmonella and E. coli bacteria. Fish farms condition were not satisfactory in terms of flood, sewage pollution, used of animal manure, feed and waste disposal, application of excessive fertilizer, lack of consciousness of farmers about personal hygiene and sanitation, and in fish markets, stalls, parking, spacing, sanitation, drainage and quality management systems were not improved. It is important to train up the farmers, fish handlers and fish sellers about good aquaculture practice, HACCP system, fish transportation system, cool chain management system, and overall quality management system of fishes.

Knowledge Management: Journal