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Ramifications of Elevated Temperature on the Growth and Yield Performances of Rice Varieties Incorporated with Indigenous Organic Amendments

MS Islam
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

HR Khan
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

MS Hossain
Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted at Chandipur of Keraniganj Upazilla in the district of Dhaka, Bangladesh to screen out the studied rice varieties of BR 3, BRRI dhan 28, Local BRRI dhan 29, and BRRI dhan 74 as influenced by the Rice Straw Compost – RSC, Mustard Meal – MM, and Trichocompost – TC (indigenous organic amendments), and elevated soil temperature of 3^°C in relation to the growth and yield response of rice. The experiment was conducted using split plot design with elevated temperature in main plots and the different rates of organic amendments in subplots. The rates of organic amendments were 0. 4, 8 t ha^-1 for RSC; 0, 3, 6 t ha^-1 for MM; and 0, 2.5, 5 t ha^-1 for TC. The soil temperature was raised by 3^°C from the daily field temperature of 22-25^°C. Grain and straw yields, 1000-grain weight, number of filled and fissured grains of rice were significantly (p≤0.05) enhanced with the increased rates of RSC, MM, and TC at elevated temperature of 3^°C.The maximum grain (8.86 t ha^-1) and straw (8.40 t ha^-1) yields were recorded in the treatment RSC₄HW_26-28 and RSC₈HW_26-28, respectively in BRRI dhan 29 over control, which endorsed the lowest grain (3.42 t ha^-1) and straw (2.68 t ha^-1) yields. The RSC treatment was ranked first in order of the growth-yield and yield components (1000 – grain weight and No. of filled and fissured grain) of rice followed by MM and TC treatments. The aforesaid treatments were found to have significantly (p≤0.05) positive aftermath with the elevated soil temperature, regardless of rice varieties. Increased rice production by the elevated soil temperature might be due to the CO₂ fertilization, which is a very important climatic issue at present day environment.

Keywords: Elevated temperature; Rice straw compost; Mustard meal; Trichocompost; Rice

Location: Chandipur, Keraniganj (23°40´N, 90°18´E), Dhaka, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-02-2018

End Date: 00-05-2018

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Soil fertility

Objectives:

To evaluate the effects of soil temperature rise on the growth and yield attributes of rice incorporated with the imposition of rice straw compost, mustard meal, and trichocompost.

Methodology:

A field experiment was carried out at Chandipur, Keraniganj (23°40´N, 90°18´E), Dhaka, Bangladesh during February to May (Boro season), 2018. The field was formerly cultivated with Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus) at the early period of Rabi season. The soil belongs to Tejgaon soil series, which had a pH of 5.3, 0.05% of total N, 0.002% of available P and 0.01% of available K. The monthly means for temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity recorded during the field study. Planting materials Four rice varieties such as BR 3, BRRI dhan 28, Local BRRI dhan 29 and BRRI dhan 74 were used in this study. Forty two-day old seedlings of all these varieties were collected from the seedling division of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur. The maturation periods of aforesaid varieties were 170, 140, 160 and 146 days, respectively. Three different indigenous organic amendments viz. Rice Straw Compost (RSC), Mustard Meal (MM) and Tricho-compost (TC) were applied at the rates of 0, 4, 8; 0, 3, 6 and 0, 2.5, 5 t ha^-1, respectively, at elevated temperature of 26-28°C from the daily field temperature of 23-25°C.. Rice straw compost and mustard meal were collected from the hybrid division of BRRI. Tricho-compost was collected from the horticulture division of Bangladesh Agriculture Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur. Experimental design- The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications, where the main plots were assigned by ambient field temperature and elevated soil temperature as well as the subplots by the different rates of RSC, MM, and TC with the four different rice varieties. Seven subplots (2m × 2m) were assigned in each main plot. A drain (25 cm) was placed between the main plots to apply hot water. A standard spacing (10 cm) among the plots and a thick boundary (15 cm) was also set up around each subplot to prevent any kind of contamination with adjacent subplots. Each subplot (experimental unit) consisted of 8 rows of plants. The seedlings were transplanted at the rate of two seedlings per hill. The hill to hill and row to row distances were 20 cm and 25 cm, respectively. The first and last rows were used as guard rows, and the others were sampling plants. Elevated temperature treatment- The soil temperature was raised by 3°C i.e. 26-28°C from the daily field temperature of 23-25°C in the experimental plot by applying hot water on the furrow between the hills of rice plants 30 days after transplantation of seedlings and the heating practice was continued for 7 days separately within 40-90 days of rice growth. Temperature increment was maintained for about 6 to 7 hours in a day. The thermometers were inserted into the ground in each experimental plot to examine and record the temperature rise. Soil and compost analysis- After treatment with 1 M CH₃ COONH₄ (pH 5.0) and with 30% H₂O₂ to remove free salts and organic matter, respectively. Particle size distribution of the initial soil was determined by the hydrometer method (Piper, 1966).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 55 (1), 53-64, 2020

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v55i1.46732

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study was concluded that the application of organic amendments incorporated with elevated temperature of 26-28°C was exerted the best growth and yield performances by rice varieties of BRRI dhan 29 followed by BRRI dhan 74, BRRI dhan 28 and BR 3. The growth and yield of BRRI dhan 74 was almost in close proximity to Local BRRI dhan 29. So, it was recommended to farmers to cultivate BRRI dhan 74 for attaining the maximum yield as like as BRRI dhan 29. In addition, the application of rice straw compost at the rate of 4 t ha^-1 along with soil temperature riseof 26-28°C showed significantly better result in plant height, straw yield, grain yield, number of filled and fissured grains and weight of 1000-grain followed by mustard meal at the rate of 3 t ha^-1 and tricho-compost at 2.5 t ha^-1. Hence, the application of organic amendments in this combination is considered as the best to get the highest yield of rice. As a whole, this study might be a gleam for livelihood against all negative aspects of global warming and climate change.

Knowledge Management: Journal