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Effect of Weeding Regime and Variety on the Transplanted Aman Rice

M A Haque
Dept. of Agronomy, BAU, Mymensingh

D Kumar
Monitoring Associate, PIU-BARC, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Farmgate, Dhaka

M M A Mondol
Manager (Inspection & Inquiry), Bangladesh Sugar and Food Industries Corporation, Dhaka.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during Aman season to find out the effect of variety and weeding regime on weed dynamics and yield performance of transplant Aman rice. The experiment consisted of four varieties viz. BR 11, BRRI dhan39, BRRI dhan56 and BINA dhan 7 and four different weeding regime treatments namely no weeding, hand weeding at 20 DAT and 35 DAT, Herbicide management and Herbicide + one hand weeding at 35 DAT. Paspalum scrobiculatum, Echinochloa crusgalli, Leersia hexandra, Oxalis europaea, Monochoria vaginalis, Ludwigia hyssopifolia, Cyperus difformis, Scirpus juncoidesand Fimbristylis diphylla were the major weeds found in the experimental plots. Weed population were significantly affected by variety and weeding regimes. The effect of weeding treatments on weed density was significant. Among the weeding treatments hand weeding at 20 and 35 DAT produced the best performance of all the crop characters including yield (3.90 t ha^-1), the next best was herbicide manage and no weeding treatments had the worst effect on yield (2.25 t ha^-1). Among the varieties, BR11 produced the highest grain yield (4.42 t ha^-1) and BRRI dhan56 yielded the lowest (2.33 t ha^-1). The interaction between variety and weeding shows that all the varieties produced higher grain yield with hand weeding at 20 and 35 DAT than other weeding treatments.

Keywords: Interaction effect, Weed, Hand weeding, Herbicide, Yield performance

Location: Sonatola Soil Series under the Old Brahmaputra Floodplain, Agro-Ecological Zone 9

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Weed management, Rice

Objectives:

1. To see the interaction result of weeding regime and variety

2. To assess the performance of yield contributing parameter of transplanted aman rice

Methodology:

Location, treatments and design- The experimental site is located at 24°75' N latitude and 90o50' E longitude at an elevation of 18m above the mean sea level. The experimental area is characterized by non-calcareous dark grey floodplain soil belonging to the Sonatola Soil Series under the Old Brahmaputra Floodplain, Agro-Ecological Zone 9 (UNDP and FAO, 1988). The experiment comprised two factors, factor A— four varieties viz. BR 11, BRRI dhan39, BRRI dhan56 and BINAdhan-7 and factor B four weeding regime viz. no weeding, hand weeding at 20 DAT and 35 DAT, Herbicide management and Herbicide + one hand weeding at 35 DAT. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Total numbers of unit plots were 4×4×3=48 and each plot size was 3.0 m × 2.0 m. The distance maintained between the individual unit plots was 0.5m and that between the replications 1.0 m. Description of the weeding regime- No Weeding (W₀) ; Weeds were allowed to grow up to harvesting of the crop. Hand weeding at 15 (20) and 35 days after transplanting (DAT) (W₁); In this treatment, weeds were allowed to grow with the crop for the first 19 DAT. At 20 days one hand weeding was done and then weeds were allowed to grow again till 34 DAT and at 35 DAT, another hand weeding was done and afterwards no weeding was done till harvesting. Herbicide management (W₂); In this treatment, Pre-chlor 500EC @ 1 liter ha^-1 was applied at 6 DAT in 4-5 cm standing water by hand sprayer and thereafter no weeding was done till harvesting. Herbicide + One Hand Weeding at 35 DAT (W₃); In this treatment, Pre-chlor 500EC @ 1 liter ha^-1 was applied at 6 DAT in 4-5 cm standing water by hand sprayer. Weeds were allowed to grow with the crop for the first 34 DAT. At 35 days one hand weeding was done and afterwards no weeding was done till harvesting. Land preparation and fertilization- Seedlings were raised in well prepared nursery bed. The experimental field was opened with a power tiller and subsequently ploughed four times with country plough followed by laddering. The field layout was done according to the experimental design after final land preparation. Weeds and stubbles were removed and cleaned from individual plots. The field was fertilized with urea, TSP, MoP, gypsum and zinc sulphate. The entire amount of fertilizers except urea were broadcast and incorporated with the soil at the time of final land preparation. Urea was applied in three installments at 15, 30 and 45 days after transplanting (DAT). Seedlings were transplanted in the main field as per experimental treatments on 16 July 2013 at the rate of three seedlings hill-1, maintained row and hill distance of 25 cm and 15 cm, respectively. Intercultural operation- Weeding was done as per as the experimental treatments. Due to frequent rains during crop growth period, no irrigation was needed. The excess rain water was drained out as and when necessary. Plants were slightly infested with leaf- hoppers which were successfully controlled by spraying Dimecron 100EC @ 1.5 l ha^-1 twice at 20 and 50 DAT. Crop damage by diseases like blast and brown spot was negligible. Observations were regularly made and the field looked nice with normal green plants. The flowering was uniform. Data collection and harvest- Data on number of weed species were collected from each plot at 20 DAT, 35 DAT & 50 DAT of the rice plants by using 0.5m × 0.5m quadrate as per method described by Cruz et al. (1986). The quadrate was placed in three spots at random. The weeds within the quadrate were counted and converted to number m^-2multiplying by four. Maturity of crops was determined when 80% of the grains became golden yellow in color. From each of the unit plots five hills were selected at random and uprooted carefully and tagged before harvesting for recording data. Data were collected on the following characters: Plant height (cm), number of total tillers hill^-1, number of effective tillers hill^-1, panicle length (cm), number of grains panicle^-1, number of sterile spikelets panicle^-1. After sampling, a harvest area of central was selected from each unit plot. Then the harvested crops of each plot was bundled separately, properly tagged and brought to threshing floor. The crops were then threshed and the fresh weights of grain and straw were recorded plot- wise. The grains were cleaned and finally the weight was adjusted to a moisture content of 14%. The straw was air dried and the yields of grain and straw plot^-1 were recorded and converted to t ha^-1. Biological yield (%); Grain and straw yield was regarded as biological yield and calculated with the following formula: Biological yield=Grain yield + Straw yield Harvest index (%); It indicates the ratio of economic yield (grain yield) to biological yield (grain yield + straw yield) and was calculated by the following formula: Harvest index (%) = Grain yield (t ha ^-1) /Biological yield (t ha ^-1 ) x 100. Statistical analysis- The recorded data were compiled and tabulated for statistical analysis. Analysis of variance was done with the help of computer package, MSTAT. The mean differences among the treatments were adjudged by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.

Source of Information: Eco-friendly Agril. J. 13(06):30-37, 2020 (June)

Article Link (Online Journal): www.efaj-international.com

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The crops were severely infested by weeds. The highest weed density was observed in no weeding treatment and the lowest weed density was noticed in hand weeding at 20 and 35 DAT treatment. The interaction between variety and weeding was significantly affected on plant height and harvest index. However, numerically the highest harvest index (54.46 %) was obtained from V₂W₁ (BRRI dhan39 × hand weeding at 20 and 35 DAT) and the lowest harvest index (31.02 %) was obtained from V₃W₀ (BRRI dhan56 × No weeding). In general, all weeding treatments showed their superiority over no weeding in the production of grain and straw yields. Among the weeding treatments hand weeding at 20 and 35 DAT produced the best performance of all the crop characters including yield, and no weeding treatments had the worst effect.

Knowledge Management: Journal