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Application of Ceramic Filter for Improving Surface Water Quality

T.K. Das
Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh.

R. Kirtunia
Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh.

M.R. Shaibur
Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Ceramic filter was used to remove pathogenic bacteria and other impurities from contaminated water. Three types of ceramic filters were prepared with locally available soil and rice husk and operated for 5 days. The combinations of rice husk and clay particles were used to prepare ceramic filter core, which was burnet in potter kiln and fixed in clay pot.A total of 30 water samples were collected from inlet and outlet of filter and their flow rate was measured. The collected water samples were analyzed for turbidity (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit; NTU), total coliform (TC) and fecal coliform (FC). The filtration rate of ceramic filter was increased with increasing rice husk percentage and highest filtration rate was 702.64 ml/h in ceramic filter made up of 20% rice husk, while for 10% rice husk the value was 191.2 ml/h. The highest turbidity removal efficiency, 56%, was found in 10% rice husk mix ceramic filter but its performance reduce when rice husk percentage increase in ceramic filter core. For 15% rice husk mix filter ceramic the value was 40% and for 20% the value was 24%. In case of ceramic filter made up of 10% rice husk, the TC removal was 80% but FC removal was 90%. We found that the performance of ceramic filter reduced with increasing rice husk percentage. It was concluded that ceramic filters were able to remove turbidity and pathogenic bacteria from contaminated water which meet the drinking water demand of low income group of hard to reach saline prone coastal zone of Bangladesh.

Keywords: Ceramic filter, Fecal coliform, Rice husk, Soil, Total coliform, Turbidity

Location: Churamonkhati union of Jeshore district.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Groundwater

Objectives:

To purify the contaminated surface water by using locally prepared low cost ceramic filter for the coastal people of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Components of ceramic filter For filter preparation, the soil and rice husk were collected from Churamonkhati union of Jashore district. Three distinct types of ceramic filter were prepared with soil and rice husk. The percentage of soil and rice husk in ceramic filter was represented. The main components of ceramic filter were ceramic filter core and earthen pot which was placed over a plastic storage tank by wooden stand. The mixing ratio of soil and rice husk was fixed depending on the filtration flax and flexural strength of ceramic bar prepared with different ratios. Three different types of filter were prepared and each type was operated for 5 days with surface water. A total 30 water samples were collected from inlet and outlet of each types of filtration unit. The samples were collected in 250 ml plastic bottles. At first the bottle were washed with tap water and socked in 0.1 N HNO₃ for 24 h. For bacteriological analysis, the pots were sterilized by using oven. During sample collection, the bottles were prewashed and rinsed properly with sample water to avoid probable contamination. After collection of water samples, it was immediately carried to the Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology and analyzed. The turbidity was measured by using portable turbidity meter (HACH-2100Q; American Public Health Association; APHA, 1995). The numbers of total and fecal coliform were analyzed by membrane filtration technique (APHA 2006). The water quality data were analyzed by MS Excel 2010 and SPSS version 20.

Source of Information: J. Innov. Dev. Strategy 12(1):68-73 (December 2018)

Article Link (Online Journal): http://ggfjournals.com/e-journalsarchive

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The highest flow rate 702.64 ml/h was found in 20% rice husk mix ceramic filter, while for 10% rice husk mix ceramic filter it was 191.2 ml/h. The flow rate of ceramic filter reduced with increasing soil percentage. The highest turbidity removal efficiency of type 1 ceramic filter was 56%. The TC removal reduction efficiency was the highest (80%) in 10% rice husk mix ceramic filter and the lowest (70%) was for 20% rice husk mix ceramic filter. The highest FC removal performance was 90% for 10% rice husk mix ceramic filter. It was concluded that, the overall performance of ceramic filter in removing contaminates from surface water was increased with increasing soil percentage or decreasing rice husk percentage. If we prepare large ceramic filter with low rice husk parentage than, it will possible to provide pathogen free available water to coastal people. The coastal people of Bangladesh face intense drinking water crisis due to groundwater salinity and ultimately they have to depend on surface water, which is highly contaminated with pathogenic bacteria. The poor coastal people are not economically solvent to use modern technique, but low coast ceramic filter would be the sustainable technology to provide pathogen free drinking water.

Knowledge Management: Journal