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Acute and Sublethal Effects of Cypermethrin on Fresh Water Fish Cyprinus Carpio

Md. Sherazul Islam*
Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science & Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh

Sumaiya Afrin
Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science & Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh

Puja Boidya
Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science & Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The discharge of improvident and inconsiderable level of organophosphorous pesticide, especially cypermethrin into aquatic bodies have caused ecological problems to all classes of aquatic organisms including fish. The study was made in assessing the toxic effects of cypermithrin on behavioral and mortality parameters of mirror carp, Cyprinus carpio.The observed percentage mortality of fresh water fish Cyprinus carpio when exposed to the 10% emulsifiable concentration (E.C.) cypermethrin for time periods 24, 48, 72 and 96 h in static system toxicity is in the range of 0.26ppm, 0.23 ppm, 0.16 ppm, 0.14 ppm respectively. In the present study, the experimental fish exhibited different toxicity level for various time exposures. The mortality of the fish at different concentration of cypermethrin was determined at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h exposure. With the increase period of exposure (96 h), the fish showed mortality at less concentration and with decrease of duration of exposure the fish exhibited mortality at higher concentration. Several behavioral changes were observed when exposed to sublethal concentration of pesticides such as loss of schooling behavior, swimming near the water surface, hyper activity, erratic movements, seizures, loss of buoyancy, elevated cough, restlessness before death, darting movements and hitting against the walls of test tanks were noticed in all the species tested. A film of mucus was also observed all over the body and also on the gills. The study showed that use of cypermethrin is threat for the mirror carp and hence should be legitimated to use in agriculture.

Keywords: Cypermethrin, LC50 values, Cyprinus carpio, Sublethal

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Fish

Objectives:

The aim of this study is to determine the acute and chronic toxicity of Cypermethrin on mirror carp,Cyprinus carpio to determine the lethal concentration (LC50) of cypermethrin pesticide on mirror carp and observe behavioral changes in mirror carp due to Cypermethrin toxicity.

Methodology:

Collection of species and pesticide Live specimens of C. carpio (average weight for big fish 50.7g ± 0.46 and average weight for small fish 19.98g ± 0.25) were collected from Jashore, Bangladesh and acclimatized in the aquarium water for about 24 hr. Cypermethrin was selected as the test chemicals and collected from local market. The trade name of the pesticide is Relothrin 10 EC. Experimental design The experiment was conducted in 16 glass aquaria (size: 40×9×19 cm). The present experiment was designed with four treatments with three replications which indicate as T1, T2, T3 and T4 and a control set was maintained, where no pesticides were used. Different concentrations of cypermethrin as 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mg/l used in T1, T2, T3 and T4respectively. Since toxicity of the pesticide is dependent on fish density (Holden, 1970), a constant ratio of fish biomass to water volume was maintained by loading one fish per five liter of water as per the guidelines of APHA Water quality parameter (1985).r Water parameter such as pH, DO and water temperature were measured two times daily, before and after application of pesticides, by pH meter ( session 156, N/S made in India), DO meter ( session YK22DO, made in Taiwan) and thermometer respectively. Dose preparation and propagation Four different doses 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 ppm of cypermethrin added to each group of fish consisting of 32 individuals after 24 hours of adaptation. Determination of LC50 Experiments were conducted to detect the mortality range from 12.5% to 100%for 24, 48, 72 and 96 in static system. The data on the mortality percent of fish was taken in to consideration to calculate LC50 values. The data were recorded from these tests at the end of each specific time period. Finney's (1971) probit analysis as reported in Roberts and Boyce (1972) was followed to calculate the LC50 values. The respective probit values for percent mortality were taken for the determination of LC50 values at 95% confidence limit. The mortality of the fish at different concentration of Cypermethrin was determined at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h exposure. For this experiment fish were divided in to batches of 8 each and were exposed to different concentrations of cypermethrin ranging from 0.1ppm to 0.4ppm of cypermethrin. Behavioral changes Monitoring of experimental fish, Cyprinus carpio was performed at regular time intervals to observe and record the behavioral responses at both the control (toxicant free medium) and cypermethrin treated fish as described by Murthy (1987) and Shivakumar and David (2008). Data analysis Collected data was analyzed through different software. Statistical and graphical analysis performed by Statistical package for Social Science (SPSS), version 16, 2015 and Microsoft Office Excel, version 10, 2015.

Source of Information: International Journal of Bioscience, Vol. 16, No. 6, p. 227-234, 2020 ISSN: 2220-6655 (Print), 2222-5234 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/16.6.227-234

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Cypermithrin are highly toxic for fishes and aquatic animals. It has found to be highly toxic in fishes even in very low concentration. The 96 h LC50 value recorded in this study falls well within the range reported in acute toxicity test. From the 96hr LC50 it can be stated that cypermithrin is highly toxic to C. carpio. The results clearly indicate that the usage of cypermithrin in the fields of aquaculture may be a threat to mirror carp. It is suggested that the use of these types of pyrethroid pesticides should be judicious and controlled so as to control agriculture pests.

Knowledge Management: Journal