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Utilization of Pangas (pangasianodon Hypophthalamus) Processing Waste in Preparation of Tilapia (oreochromis Niloticus) Fish Feed

Md. Ismail Hossain
Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Fatema Hoque Shikha
Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. Mahabubul Alam
Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted for three months at the Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University to reveal the utilization of waste of as (Pangasianodon hypophthalamus) processing plants in the supplementary diets of tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) in pond system to compare the growth performance of fishes with other two diets; one prepared in the laboratory with plant ingredients and another diet was purchased from market. In this study, feed formulated with pangas processing waste was named as Diet-2, feed formulated with plant source ingredients was named as Diet-3 while commercial feed which was purchased from market was named as Diet-1 and used as control Diet. These three diets were assigned to three treatments viz. T2, T3 and T1. Protein contents of diets were found 32.84%, 29.63% and 28.92% respectively. The water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH) of the experimental ponds were monitored at 10 days of interval during the experimental period in different treatments. The results of the study showed that the weight increment for different treatments significantly varied and the highest weight gain in tilapia (175 ± 1.25 g) was found for Diet-2. The highest Specific Growth Rate (SGR; %day) was 2.21% /day for Diet1. The Food Conversion: Ratio (FCR) value obtained for Diet-2 (1.06) was lowest whereas Diet-3 (1.21) performed better than Diet-1 (1.16). The average protein efficiency ratio (PER) of Diet-2 (5.33) differed much compared to that of Diet-3 (5.21) and Diet-1 (5.56). The highest survival rate (%) of tilapia was 93.86%, found for Diet-2. The highest net production of tilapia was estimated 3879.2 kg/ha for Diet-2. To make the feed cost effective, inclusion of pangas processing waste along with other ingredients in tilapia diet (Diet -2) had a great significance. The calculated cost of each kilogram of Diet-2, Diet-3 and Diet-1 were 37.47 BDT, 42.10 BDT and 43.60 BDT, respectively. Based on the observation of present study, it could be recommended that, the waste materials from pangas processing plants can be better utilized as a source of protein in the diets of tilapia fish and at the same time it may contribute in reducing the environment pollution cased due to improper management of the fish industry.

Keywords: Pangas processing waste, Supplementary feed, Fish feed, Weight gain, Tilapia fish

Location: The ponds of Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-03-2018

End Date: 00-05-2018

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Pangus, Feed

Objectives:

The objectives of the present study was to utilize the pangas processing waste in the preparation of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) feed for better utilization of the waste, minimizing the environmental pollution due to improper management of the waste and to compare the growth performances of tilapia in monoculture system using this laboratory prepared feed with the commercial fish feed and feed prepared with plant protein sources.

Methodology:

Duration and place of the study: The present study was undertaken for the period of three months from March to May, 2018 at the ponds of Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University. Selection and collection of feed ingredients: The feed ingredients which were selected to carry out the experiment were collected from local market. Different types of feed ingredients such as rice bran, maize, soybean, wheat bran, molasses, vitamins and minerals premix were purchased from local market of Mymensingh. The main ingredient pangas waste (skin, fat, bladder, bone and stomach) were collected from 7-Ocean fish processing industry situated at Trishal, Mymensingh. Feed formulation and preparation: For performing this experiment, two types of diets such as Diet-2: formulated feed with pangas waste and Diet-3: formulated feed without pangas waste/formulated feed with plant ingredients, were formulated. The commercial feed was used as control and purchased from the local market. Preparation of Diet-2 (formulated feed with pangas waste). The experimental Diet-2 was prepared by using pangas waste and other ingredients which were brought from the market. The collected wastes were first washed, dried under the sunlight and milled. The selected ingredients were mixed thoroughly. Mixing of ingredients was performed by hand before adding water with stirring to form dough. Finally, mixture made into pellets using a pellet machine. The pellets were sundried. The pellets were packed in air-tight water impermeable bags and stored in dry and cool place. The flow diagram of the preparation procedure of Diet-2 is shown. The supplementary Diet-3 was formulated in the laboratory without using pangas waste. All ingredients (except pangas waste) were weighed accordingly. As in Diet-3, pangas waste was not used, therefore to make the total volume 100, the other ingredients (soybean meal, rice bran, wheat bran, maize etc.) were used in increased amount. Measured ingredients were mixed thoroughly in desired proportions. Pellets were prepared using a mechanical hand pelletizer machine with a 2 mm diameter grid. The formulation protocol of Diet-3 was similar as followed for Diet-2. Feed management and feeding rates: The feed was supplied daily at the rate of 5% of fish body weight for the first month and then the feeding rate gradually reduced to 4.5% in the next two weeks and 4% in last two weeks. Feeding rates were adjusted on the basis of fish weight gain at 10 days interval. The daily ration was divided into two parts. About half of the ration applied in the morning between 8.30 to 9.30 am and another half in the afternoon between 4:30 to 5:30 pm. Sampling of fish and water quality parameters: Sampling of fish was done at ten days interval to observe the growth of fish and to adjust the feeding rate. Weight of fish was measured by using a electronic balance. Some important water quality parameters such as water temperature (ºC), dissolved oxygen (mg/l) and pH were measured during the periods of sampling. The sample collection was done between 8.30 to 9.30 am. Analytical methods: Proximate composition of all individual feed ingredients and prepared feeds from those ingredients were analyzed in the Fish Processing Laboratory of the Department of Fisheries Technology, BAU following the methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1995) with slight modification.Data analysis: Data obtained from the present study were analyzed to assess the composition of different feed ingredients and prepared diets. Data was entered into the MS Excel and simple statistics such as range, mean, standard deviation were done.

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 18(2): 516–523, 2020

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.5455/JBAU.95923

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It can be concluded that, inclusion of pangas waste along with other available low cost ingredients in tilapia diet not only provides better protein percentage in the diet but also minimize the feed production cost in a significant margin.

Knowledge Management: Journal