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Morphological Evaluation of Advanced Breeding Lines of Rapeseed-mustard for Salinity Tolerance Using Multivariate and Genetic Analyses

Md. Abu Shahed
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Lutful Hassan
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Shatabdi Ghosh
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Arif Hasan Khan Robin
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Salinity is a barrier of crop production while salinity affected areas are expanding in Bangladesh. To increase oilseed production in saline soils, a useful tactic could be developing salinity tolerant mustard varieties. This study screened advanced breeding lines of rapeseed-mustard along with a check variety for salinity tolerance. An experiment was conducted for multivariate and genetic assessments following a split plot design with six genotypes (BD-6950, BD-7104, BD-10115, JUN-536, BJDH-12 and BARI Sarisha-14 as a check) and five salinity treatments (0, 6, 8, 10 and 12 dSm^-1). A total of 16 morphological characters were recorded. Significant variations were accounted among the genotypes and treatments for all the characters. A significant and positive correlation was found among seed yield plant-1 and 1000-seed weight, number of seeds siliquae^-1, length of siliqua, length of primary branches. All morphological characters except number of secondary branches and length of siliqua showed high heritability, from 62% to 98%, which indicated that these characters can be selected for further improvement. Genetic analyses revealed high heritability with genetic advance in percentage of mean for number of seeds siliquae^-1, number of siliqua in primary axis, number of siliqua in secondary axis, total siliqua plant-1 and seed yield plant^-1 signifying their suitability as indicators for salinity tolerance. Principal component analysis revealed that days to first flowering and days to maturity were contrasting with other variables for salinity stress tolerance in the genotypes BD-7104 and BD-10115 under 8 and 10 dSm^-1 salinity levels. Based on the multivariate analyses, the genotype BD-7104 followed by BD-10115 were revealed as the most suitable salt tolerant genotypes which can greatly contribute to oilseed production in saline prone areas. Further researches emphasizing QTL mapping of salt tolerant traits in order to develop new, improved and climate smart salt tolerant variety of oilseed Brassica are suggested.

Keywords: Salt tolerance, Principal component analysis, Heritability, Genetic advance, Rapeseed-mustard

Location: The field laboratory of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2018

End Date: 00-00-2019

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Mustard, Soil salinity

Objectives:

To evaluate variation in morphological, genetic characters and yield of advanced breeding lines of rapeseed-mustard grown under salinity stress.

Methodology:

Plant culture and management: Salinity is a dynamic and complex trait which is very difficult to maintain different levels of salinity in the pots. It was tried best to make artificial salinity conditions in the pots. The experiment was conducted in the pot at the field laboratory of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh in the year 2018-19 under open field condition. The experiment was performed with six rapeseed-mustard genotypes (BD-6950, BD-7104, BD-10115, JUN-536, BJDH-12 and BARI Sarisha-14 as check) under five treatments: 0 (control), 6, 8, 10 and 12 dSm^-1. Seeds of 6 genotypes were collected from Oil Seed Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur. Topsoil was collected from the experimental farm of Oilseed Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur. Pulverization and drying were done in the field laboratory of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. After drying thoroughly, the dried soil was evenly mixed with well rotten cow dung at the ratio of 3:1 (by volume). Then the air dried soil was mixed with respective amount of salt to make the respective levels of salinity. The salinity was checked by EC meter to ensure respective salinity treatments. Plastic pots having 24 cm diameter at the top and 22 cm at the bottom were filled with 15 kg air dried soil. Before filling the pot, the soil were mixed with chemical fertilizer as per recommendation of fertilizer recommendation guide-2012. Seeds were sown by making holes and keeping more or less equal distances. At fifteen days after germination, five seedlings of each genotype in each pot were allowed to grow till maturity. Breaking of earth crust and watering were applied periodically to maintain favorable environment. Data collection: A total of sixteen morphological traits were studied in this experiment. Data on days to first flowering (DFF), plant height (PH), leaf area (LA), chlorophyll content (ChlC), days to maturity (DMa), number of primary branches (NPB), number of secondary branches (NSB), length of primary branches (LPB), number of siliqua in main axis (NSiM), number of siliqua in primary branches (NSiP), number of siliqua in secondary branches (NSiS), total siliqua plant^-1 (TSiP), siliqua length (SiL), number of seeds siliquae^-1 (NSSi), 1000-seed weight (TSW), seed yield plant^-1 (SYP) were recorded. Statistical analysis: Data were analyzed using MINITAB 17 statistical software packages (Minitab Inc., State College, Pennsylvania, USA). A two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was executed for different morphological traits following the General Linear Model (GLM). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the morphological traits was carried out to investigate the associations between different morphological traits under different salinity treatments. The principal component (PC) scores were stored and ANOVA of the PC scores was performed using the one way ANOVA to explore the statistical significance of between treatment and genotype. PCs with eigenvalues more than one were discussed as per the suggestion given by Brejda et al. (2000), which determines as a minimum 10% of the variation. Superior eigenvalues were considered as the best attributes in principal components. A Pearson correlation analysis was carried out to explore relationship among the traits.

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 18(2): 323–331, 2020

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.5455/JBAU.82264

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Rapeseed-mustard is the most important oilseed crop in Bangladesh but its yield is much lower than the potential yield capacity. Salinity is one of the main reasons among the abiotic stresses for this. The genotype BD-7104 followed by BD-10115 found most suitable as salt tolerant genotypes that can be cultivated in saline prone areas to increase cultivable area in coastal zone. Genetic diversity that attributed these phenotypic diversities might be discovered through further intensive experimentation. The genotypes BD-7104 and BD-10115 can be utilized in breeding program for exploring salt tolerant QTL for developing sustainable and improved salt tolerant variety.

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