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Determination of Biochemical Responses to Drought Stress in Cultivated and Exotic Wheat Genotypes

Reshma Akter
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. Abdul Halim
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Muhammad Javidul Haque Bhuiyan
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

G. H. M. Sagor
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Sharif Ar Raffi
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Ten wheat genotypes of locally cultivated and exotic origins were grown under drought condition to determine the biochemical responses. Plants were grown in hydroponics in modified Hoagland solution in box container in the Growth Room with temperature, light and humidity control at the Plant Stress Breeding Laboratory (PSBL), at the dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, BAU, Mymensingh. Nutrient solution was refreshed after every ten days. Wheat plants were subjected to drought stress, induced by 3% and 6% polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) 6000 in hydroponic solution after 47 days of transferring seedling in full strength nutrient solution. Plants were kept in drought treatment for 42 days and on harvesting, leaves were collected for biochemical assays. Six biochemical traits were determined from leaf tissues following standard protocol. Concentration of leaf biochemical viz. Catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), malondialdehyde (MDH) and proline were found in both increasing and decreasing trend of fluctuation. Not a single genotype was found with the entire biochemical traits with favorable actions, but several genotypes demonstrated relatively better performance compared to control. The relationship among the biochemical traits were also determined and found a positive significant correlation between CAT and POD. A ranking table was also constructed considering mean performance of the genotypes under different PEG 6000 treatment. Considering mean performance, % change of bio-chemicals under drought condition and ranking table, genotypes Sonalika, BARI Gom 21, BARI Gom 29, BARI Gom 30, Summa and Burr were found with better biochemical mechanisms under both 3% and 6% PEG 6000 induced drought and recommend to consider for future wheat improvement program for drought tolerance.

Keywords: Drought, Biochemical responses, Drought tolerance, PEG 6000, Wheat

Location: Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, BAU, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To understanding of biochemical mechanisms for drought tolerance in local and exotic wheat genotypes in response of induced drought stress.

Methodology:

Ten wheat genotypes (seven local: BARI Gom 20, BARI Gom 21, BARI Gom 28, BARI Gom 29, BARI Gom 30, BARI Gom 31, Sonalika and three exotic: Macya, Burr and Summa) with three replications in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) design were used to study their biochemical mechanisms against drought condition. Seven local genotypes were primarily introduced or developed from CIMMYT lines by Wheat Research Centre (Now, Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute) for their better agronomic features. These genotypes are well adapted to Bangladesh and can be used to improve with new characteristics from exotic materials. The exotic materials are varieties brought from Saudi Arabia considering dry agro-climatic condition. Catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), hydrogen peroxide (H₂0₂), malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline are the biochemical traits which were considered in this study. For seed germination and seedling establishment, standard procedures were followed as described by Malik et al. (2009). Plants were grown in 20 litre plastic containers popularly known as Milk Crate by RFL Plastic Industries Bangladesh, filled with hydroponic solution (Hoagland and Arnon, 1950) in controlled environment facilities at the Plant Stress Breeding Laboratory (PSBL) at the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, BAU. Optimum growth condition was maintained throughout the growing period of wheat genotypes (14h/10h light/dark period, 22^oC/18^oC day/night temperature, 60%/65% day/night RH and 4500-5500 lux light intensity) for their normal growth and development. The pH of the nutrient solution was maintained at 6.5. Nutrient solution was refreshed after every 10 days. Sometimes, humidifier was used to maintain the relative humidity of the growth room. Air bubbler was used to ensure availability of oxygen to the root zone inside the container. Drought was induced by applying PEG 6000 (Mark, India) at 0%, 3% and 6% in the nutrient solution on 47th day of transferring seedlings (Zadoks Scale 22; Zadoks et al., 1974) to full strength solution and kept for 6 weeks (Zadok’s Scale 41). A schematic presentation of the activities done for the experiment was presented.

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 18(2): 212–220, 2020

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.5455/JBAU.101495

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Biochemical parameter has effective responses against drought stress in wheat plants and demonstrated higher variability among the genotypes at different level of drought stress. So, these are very important indicators to recognize the drought stress tolerant variety. This performance profile of genotypes for different biochemical traits could be helpful to select genotypes for hybridization program for drought tolerance in future drought stress breeding program for wheat.

Knowledge Management: Journal