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Genetic Variability, Character Association and Divergence Analysis for Agromorphological Traits of Local Rice (oryza Sativa L.) Germplasm in Bangladesh

Afsana Hannan
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. Rabiul Islam Rana
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. Najmol Hoque
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna 9100, Bangladesh

G. H. M. Sagor
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Rice (Oryza sativa) contributes significantly to global food security and is a major food crop for almost half of the world’s population. Fourty seven local rice germplasm were collected and grown under normal field condition to evaluate the presence of genetic diversity among them. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.001) among the genotypes for all the traits studied except leaf width reflecting broad spectrum of variability which offer an ample chances for selection. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for most of the traits except no. of filled grains panicle^-1 indicating that there was an influence of environment on majority of the studied traits. Similarly, moderate broad-sense heritability with high genetic advance as percent of mean of most of the traits such as seedling height, flag leaf area, flag leaf angle, grain length, 1000-grain weight also indicated the accumulation of additive gene effects and suggested direct selection for those characters for economic feasibility. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive and negative correlation among the traits. Principal component analysis showed that the first two principal components of the considered traits accounted for about 37.9% of the total variation and pointed out a wide variation among the genotypes. The dendrogram of cluster analysis grouped 47 rice genotypes into four clusters. Cluster II incorporated the highest number of genotypes followed by Cluster I. In terms of high yield potentiality cluster III had the highest cluster mean for rice yield, followed by cluster IV. Data from this study provide presence of sufficient genetic diversity among the traditional local rice germplasms which can be employed in future rice breeding program for either varietal improvement or developing new variety.

Keywords: Rice genotypes, Morphological traits, Genetic variability, Character association, Diversity analysis

Location: Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Department of Genetics and Plant breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To assess genetic variability among forty seven rice germplasm, to unravel the degree of association between yield and yield attributes and also to explore the diversity among different rice accession collected from different regions of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Collection of the germplasms and experimental location: Forty seven rice genotypes were collected from Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), local farmers of different districts and also from the Department of Genetics and Plant breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Experimentation: Seeds of all forty seven rice genotypes were sown on seed bed that was prepared by raising soil from the surface about 10-15 cm. Seedlings were transplanted to the main experimental land after thirty days. The experiment was conducted following a randomized complete block design with three replications. Unit plot size was 1m × 1m. Genotypes were different in their maturity time. Harvesting was done when 90-95% plant population were reached to maturity. Data collection: Data were recorded from five randomly chosen plants from each genotype in each replication for the selected traits. Data on various morphological traits viz. Seedling height (SH), Leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW), leaf angle (LAN), flag leaf area (FLA), flag leaf angle (FLAN), culm length (CL), culm diameter (CD), internode length (IL), number of tiller hill^-1 (NTH), number of effective tiller hill^-1 (ETH), panicle length (PL), secondary branch in panicle (SB), no of filled grain panicle^-1 (FG), no of unfilled grain panicle-1 (UFG), grain length (GL), grain breadth (GB), grain length and breadth ratio (GL/GB), ligule length (LIL), 1000-grain weight (GW) and yield plant^-1 (Y/P) were recorded at different growth stages of plants. Statistical analysis: The statistical analysis of the data recorded from forty seven rice genotypes was carried out using MINITAB®17 statistical software packages (Minitab Inc., State College, Pennsylvania, USA) and MSTAT computer software. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was executed for different agro-morphological traits following a general linear model (GLM) to find out the variation among genotypes. MSTAT computer software was used for posthoc analyses. Genotypic and phenotypic variances, heritability (%), genetic advance were estimated as described by Johnson et al. (1955); GCV and PCV values as described by Burton and Devane (1953) and Singh and Chaudhury (1985); GA (%) was calculated as formula given by Comstock and Robinson (1952). Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis was performed using MINITAB®17 statistical software packages. Cluster analysis was performed using the average values for each trait of each genotype.

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 18(2): 289–299, 2020

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.5455/JBAU.84906

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

On summary, the present study confirmed the presence of adequate genetic diversity in the available rice genotypes tested. Moderate to high values of heritability and genetic advance for most of the yield attributes, offering the more opportunity for further improvement of those following breeding program. Positive significant correlation were observed for yield with number of effective tillers plant^-1, 1000-grain weight, no of filled grains panicle^-1, whereas, negative with panicle length. Principal component analysis revealed most important traits contributing the genotypic variation. Cluster analysis manifested four clusters among which genotypes in cluster III (Supahar, Sarna) and cluster IV (Sakkar khana, Lalsharna, Daud sail, Dula aman) had high yield potentiality. Thus, the study can offer a valuable gene pool from the traditional local rice germplasms which can be further utilized in different breeding program for varietal improvement or development in future.

Knowledge Management: Journal