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Assessment of Insecticidal Treatment Combinations in Mungbean Against Thrips and Pod Borer Complex

Kazi Nazrul Islam
RHRS, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Lebukhali, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

Md. Mohasin Hussain Khan
Department of Entomology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Bangladesh

Mohammad Mahir Uddin
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. Abdul Latif
Department of Entomology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Mahbubul Islam
SCWMC, Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI), Bandarban, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted at the farmers’ field of Itbaria of Patuakhali sadar upazila under Patuakhali district, Bangladesh during late rabi season in 2018 to find out the suitable insecticidal treatment combinations against thrips and pod borers of mungbean by various treatment combinations, including chemicals, botanicals and biological. Experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with five insecticidal treatment combinations and all the combinations were replicated four times. The mungbean variety, BARI Mung-6 was grown in the field and four insecticidal treatment combinations were viz., T₁ [Chlorpyrifos + Cypermethrin (Nitro 505EC) + Azadirachtin (Bioneem plus 1EC)], T₂ [Thiamethoxam + Chlorantraniliprole (Voliam flexi 300SC) + Azadirachtin (Bioneem plus 1EC)], T₃ [Chlorpyrifos + Cypermethrin (Nitro 505EC) + Spinosad (Tracer 45SC)], T₄ [Thiamethoxam + Chlorantraniliprole (Voliam flexi 300SC) + Spinosad (Tracer 45SC)] and T₀ [Untreated control]. The treatments were applied at reproductive stages of plant. The treatments showed significantly different performance against thrips (Megalurothrips distalis), gram pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) and legume pod borer (Maruca vitrata) on mungbean. The lowest population of thrips, gram pod borer and legume pod borer was found in T₄ treated plot which showed maximum percent reduction of insect pests. The percent pod infestation by pod borers was found lowest in the T₄ treatment. The maximum yield (1589.63 kg/ha) and the highest marginal benefit cost ratio (MBCR) (1.60) were also obtained from T₄. It can be concluded that T₄ was more effective among the insecticidal treatment combinations for controlling thrips and pod borer complex of mungbean which was followed by T₂.

Keywords: Assessment, Pod borer, Mungbean, Thrips, Voliamflexi 300SC, Tracer 45SC

Location: Itbaria of Patuakhali sadar upazila under Patuakhali district, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2018

End Date: 00-00-2018

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Mungbean, Diseases

Objectives:

To find out the suitable treatment combination(s) of different types of insecticides against thrips and pod borers of mungbean.

Methodology:

Land preparation and seed sowing: The land was prepared at ‘joe’ condition by deep ploughing and cross-ploughing four times by power tiller followed by laddering until the desired tilth. All the weeds, residues and stubbles of the previous crops were removed from the field and the large clods were broken into smaller pieces to obtain a desirable tilth of soil for sowing of mungbean seeds. Then the individual plots (4.0 m x 2.5 m) were prepared. BARI Mung-6 was used as experimental material and seeds were sown @ 30 kg/ha (BARI, 2011) in the rows maintaining a spacing (30 cm x 10 cm) for better growth and development of the plants. Seed sowing was done at a depth of 6-7 cm and the seeds were covered by loose soil with the help of hand. Fertilizer dose and intercultural operations: The fertilizers were applied as per fertilizers recommendation guide (BARI, 2011). Urea, TSP and MoP were applied in the field uniformly @ 50-85-35 kg/ha, respectively during the final land preparation. The fertilizers were then mixed properly with the soil by spading and individual unit experimental plots were levelled. All intercultural operations were done as and when necessary to ensure normal growth and development of crops. Preparation of the insecticidal treatment combinations: The experiment comprised four treatment combinations of various insecticides including an untreated control. The treatment combinations of the experiment were assigned as follows: (1) T₁ = Chlorpyrifos + Cypermethrin (Nitro 505EC) @ 1 ml/L of water + Azadirachtin (Bioneem plus 1EC) @ 1 ml/L of water; (2) T₂ = Thiamethoxam + Chlorantraniliprole (Voliam flexi 300SC) @ 0.5 ml/L of water + Azadirachtin (Bioneem plus 1EC) @ 1 ml/L of water; (3) T₃ = Chlorpyrifos + Cypermethrin (Nitro 505EC) @ 1 ml/L of water + Spinosad (Tracer 45SC) @ 0.3 ml/L of water; (4) T₄ =Thiamethoxam + Chlorantraniliprole (Voliam flexi 300SC) @ 0.5 ml/L of water + Spinosad (Tracer 45SC) @ 0.3 ml/L of water; (5) T₀ = Untreated control (water spray @ 500 l/ha). Procedure of spray application: The spray solutions at the pre-fixed concentration of the respective treatment combinations were prepared in Knapsack sprayer by mixing with water as required just before spraying. The spray solutions were sprayed in the assigned plots as per the package design. The first insecticide was sprayed afterwards the second insecticide was sprayed at three days interval as per package design. The spraying was always done in the afternoon to avoid bright sunlight. The spray was done uniformly to obtain complete coverage of whole plants of the assigned plots. Caution was taken to avoid any drift of the spray mixture to the adjacent plots at the time of the spray. Data collection: The data were recorded from incidence of thrips, gram pod borer and legume pod borer during different growth stages of the crop. Number of thrips, gram pod borer and legume pod borer was recorded at flowering stage and podding stage. The data on the population of thrips, gram pod borer and legume pod borer were collected before and after 1 day of spraying of second insecticide of the treatment combination from each unit plot. Thrips population was assessed from 10 open flowers which were randomly collected from two rows of each side of the plot avoiding border and central four rows. The collected flowers were immediately opened on the white paper and counted the thrips. To find out the incidence total pod borers were collected from all the plants of each plot (plot size: 10.0 m²). The selected 1m² (1m x 1m) area of the center of each unit plot was kept undisturbed for recording yield data. Grains were recorded from 1 m² area per plot wise and the yield was expressed in kg/ha. For collecting data on the percentage of pod borer infested pods, the number of infested pods and the total number of pods from randomly selected 10 plants from each unit plot were counted at ripening stage and recorded. The following formula was used for taking the infestation percentage. %Pod infestation = (Total number of infested pods) / Total number of pods x 100. Calculating of marginal benefit cost ratio (MBCR) The marginal benefit cost ratio (MBCR) for each treatment combination was calculated on the basis of market price of mungbean, cost of insecticide and spraying. MBCR was measured by using the following formula described by Elias and Karim (1984). Marginal benefit cost ratio (MBCR) = (Adjusted net return) / (Totalmanagement cost). Statistical analysis: The collected data were statistically analyzed through the analysis of variance using Web Agri Stat Package (WASP 1.0). The population data were transformed to square root (√x + 0.5) values. Means were separated by critical difference (CD) values at 5% level of significance.

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 18(2): 300–306, 2020

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.5455/JBAU.84547

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The insecticidal treatment combinations also showed significant influence on the incidence of thrips. The lowest number of thrips (1.41/10 open flowers at flowering and 1.35/plot at podding stage) was observed in T₄ [Thiamethoxam + Chlorantraniliprole (Voliam flexi 300SC) + Spinosad (Tracer 45SC)] treated plot followed by T₂ [Thiamethoxam + Chlorantraniliprole (Voliam flexi 300SC) + Azadirachtin (Bioneem plus 1EC)] treated plot having significant difference between them. The highest number of thrips (2.35/10 open flowers at flowering and 2.45/plot at podding stage) was found in T₀ [Untreated control] plot which was significantly higher than all other combination treated plots. Similarly T₄ [Thiamethoxam + Chlorantraniliprole (Voliam flexi 300SC) + Spinosad (Tracer 45SC)] showed the best performance in reduction of thrips population over control followed by T₂ [Thiamethoxam + Chlorantraniliprole (Voliam flexi 300SC) + Azadirachtin (Bioneem plus 1EC)] whereas T₁ [Chlorpyrifos + Cypermethrin (Nitro 505EC) + Azadirachtin (Bioneem plus 1EC)] was less effective against thrips infesting mungbean in field condition. Cost-benefit analysis of insecticidal treatment combinations applied against thrips and pod borers on mungbean. The net return and Marginal Benefit Cost Ratio (MBCR) varied depending on cost of treatment combinations. The T₀ [Untreated control] did not require any pest management cost. For insecticidal treatment combinations, cost of pesticides was involved. Thus, the highest (1.60) Marginal Benefit Cost Ratio (MBCR) was calculated from the combination T₄ [Thiamethoxam + Chlorantraniliprole (Voliam flexi 300SC) + Spinosad (Tracer 45SC)] followed by T₂ [Thiamethoxam + Chlorantraniliprole (Voliam flexi 300SC) + Azadirachtin (Bioneem plus 1EC)] (1.56) and T₃ [Chlorpyrifos + Cypermethrin (Nitro 505EC) + Spinosad (Tracer 45SC)] (0.22). The minimum MBCR (0.21) was calculated from T₁ [Chlorpyrifos + Cypermethrin (Nitro 505EC) + Azadirachtin (Bioneem plus 1EC)]. The results found in this study could not be compared with any other findings since these combinations were different from the other researchers. The above findings are partially comparable with the result of Hossain (2015) who reported that the highest yield and the highest net return was obtained from Thiamethoxam + Chlorantraniliprole (Voliam flexi 300SC) at the concentration of 0.5 ml/L water, yet the scientific information is not available. Likewise, the result of the study was partially similar with the report of Islam and Bari (2014) who reported that the highest yield (1895 kg/ha) and the highest marginal benefit cost ratio (1.75) was obtained from Spinosad 45SC sprayed ploton chickpea.

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