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Mineral Nutritional Status of Blast Infected Rice Plant and Allied Soil

Md. Towshikur Rahman
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. Arifur Rahman
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Kamrun Nahar
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Jannatun Naim
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Mohammad Abul Monsur
Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1704, Bangladesh

K. M. Mohiuddin
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

In recent years, the outbreak of rice blast is causing severe damage to rice production in Bangladesh. A research work was carried out at the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to determine the concentration of different plant nutrients in rice blast infected plant and allied prior to harvest soil samples and also to recognize the role of plant nutrients in rice blast disease outbreak through comparing them with different reference values. A total of 20 infected mature rice plants and allied prior to harvest soil samples were randomly collected from Gazipur sadar upazila and Mymensingh sadar upazila of Bangladesh in April 2018. Comparison with the reference value suggested that Si and Ca concentrations in all the infected rice plant samples, and S and Mg concentrations of 70% samples were within the low level and K concentration in all the infected samples were found at very low level. The concentrations of P in all the plant samples were within the high level and the concentration of B was greater than the high level as compared to the reference values. The available concentrations of P, K and Si in soil samples was low but B concentration was high and the concentration of S was adequate. On the other hand, Ca and Zn concentrations of 70% and 60% samples were within the high category, respectively. The analyzed result revealed that available Ca concentration in soil was adequate but the plant could not uptake enough Ca and it found at a low level in the infected plant. Both soil and plant samples contained a high level of B which might lead to toxicity and increase the susceptibility of rice plants for blast infection. Both the collected plants and allied prior to harvest soil samples contained low amount of Si which might be the reason for the occurrence of blast disease in rice. Plant nutrients like Ca, B and Si should be considered in outlining rice blast disease management plan due to their vital role.

Keywords: Mineral nutrition, Rice blast, Infected plant, Soil

Location: The infected fields of Gazipur district and 10 fields from Mymensingh district of Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-04-2018

End Date: 00-12-2018

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice, Soil fertility

Objectives:

To investigate the mineral nutritional perspective of rice blast disease outbreak in Bangladesh by determining the concentration of different plant nutrients of rice blast infected plant and allied soil samples comparing them with different reference values.

Methodology:

Infected mature rice plants and allied prior to harvest soil samples were randomly collected at the depth of 0-15 cm from 10 severely infected fields of Gazipur district and 10 fields from Mymensingh district of Bangladesh in April 2018 as mentioned. About 500-600g soil sample was collected from each location. Soil and plant samples were put into individual polythene bag with definite marking and tagging. Then the collected samples were brought to the laboratory of Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh for physical and chemical analysis. The collected rice plant samples were dried in an oven (model no.: KD 200NUVE, Turkey) at 65°C for 48 hours and after cooling, were ground by a grinding machine (model no.: IKA A11B). For the determination of different mineral nutrients (except Si), rice plant extract was prepared by wet oxidation method using di-acid mixture (HNO₃: HClO₄= 2:1) following the techniques described by Singh et al. (1999). The extracts were preserved separately in plastic bottles for subsequent chemical analysis. For Si determination, the plant extract was prepared following Estefan et al. (2013). Exactly, 0.1 g of finely ground plant material was taken into a 100 mL polypropylene tube (e.g., round centrifuge tubes) and 2 mL H₂O₂ (500 g L^-1) solution was added to it. Then, the concentration was agitated for a few seconds with the magnetic stirrer. About 3 mL NaOH (500 g L^-1) solution was added and agitated again. The tubes were placed in 85°C water bath for 1 hour. Once the sample has stopped releasing fumes, the stopper on the tubes was placed and kept into an autoclave for 1 hour at 123°C and 1.5 bar (150 k Pa). Exactly 45 mL deionized water was added and the extracts were transfer into plastic cups. Samples were left until the residues have settled at the bottom of the cup. The extracts were also preserved separately in plastic bottles for Si analysis. For the determination of total mineral elements in soil, the digestion was carried out in Teflon containers following Tessier (1979). Available P was determined by extracting the sample with 0.5 M NaHCO₃ solution having pH 8.5 following the method as outlined by Olsen (1954). Exchangeable K, Na, Ca and Mg concentrations in soil samples were extracted using neutral ammonium acetate (1N) as soil extractant. Available S in soil samples was extracted using 0.01 M calcium bi phosphate extracting solution. Extraction of available metals (Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe) was done using DTPA extracting solution as soil extractant. Available B and Si concentrations in soil samples were extracted using 0.01 M calcium chloride extracting solution following Estefan et al. (2013). The contents of K, Na, S, P, Ca, and Mg in plant and soil samples were determined following standard methods of analyses (Jackson, 1973; Page et al., 1982; Ghosh et al., 1983; Tandon, 1995). Boron content in plant and soil samples was determined by Azomethine-H method (Page et al., 1982). The concentrations of Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn in both the plant and soil samples was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) (model: Shimadzo, AA7000, Japan). The content of Si in plant and soil samples were determined by spectrophotometric method following Estefan et al. (2013). The recorded data were compiled, tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis with the help of computer software package, Minitab version 17 (Minitab 2017; Minitab Inc, USA). To compare the concentration of different plant nutrients of rice blast infected whole plant samples were conducted with the following guideline values of plant nutrients in whole shoots and young leaves of rice (Jones et al., 1991). To compare the concentrations of different plant nutrients of rice blast infected allied prior to harvest soil samples were conducted following critical limit-based soil test values for the interpretation of loamy to clayey soils for upland crops, as proposed in Fertilizer Recommendation Guide (FRG, 2012).

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 18(2): 395–404, 2020

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.5455/JBAU.81279

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Rice blast is a serious disease-causing yield failures and significant economic losses in every year. The incidence of rice blast was recorded in boro season (November to May: irrigated ecosystem) and transplanted aman (July to December: rainfed ecosystem) in all over Bangladesh. Rice production is now under threat due to the rice blast outbreak in Bangladesh. The result of this study may be used as a baseline data in establishment of the relationship between plant nutrients and rice blast disease outbreak. Plant nutrient like Ca, B and Si played vital role in rice blast disease incidence and should be considered in outlining its management plan. Routine analysis of Ca, B and Si should be carried out for plant and soil. Considering different susceptible and resistant rice varieties of infected and non-infected plants, further studies on mineral nutrients may be conducted for better understanding.

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