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Effects of Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations on Growth, Survival and Gonadal Development of Freshwater Pearl Mussel Lamellidens Marginalis

MD. FIDA HASSAN KAFI
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

MD. HASIBUL ISLAM
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

MD. HELAL UDDIN
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

KIZAR AHMED SUMON
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

HARUNUR RASHID
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dissolved oxygen concentrations on the growth, survival and gonadal development of freshwater pearl mussel (Lamellidens marginalis). Twenty adult L. marginalis were exposed to each of the five different concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) i.e (T₀, no aeration), and T₁, T₂, T₃ and T₄ with one, two, three and four air stone aerators, respectively in fifteen glass aquaria each containing 10L of pond water. DO concentrations were significantly higher in all the treatments compared to the control but there were no significant differences among the treatments. There were significant differences in the growth and survival rates between control and treatments. The relative growth rates (%) were significantly higher in the highest oxygen concentration (T₄) compared to other treatments. The survival rate was zero in control (T₀), whereas it was 66.67%, 70.00%, 71.67% and 73.33%, respectively for T₁, T₂, T₃ and T₄. On day-30, oocytes in T₀ were found to be smaller in size, with developing acini and no previtellogenic oocytes; whereas in T₁, T₂, T₃ and T₄, previtellogenic oocytes and larger acini were evident. On day-60, vitellogenic oocytes along with few under-developed oocytes started to detach from the acini walls, as well as some already started migration to germinal duct on day-90. This indicates that ovaries of all the treatments were ripe and were ready to spawn between day-60 and -90. On day-30, secondary spermatocytes were observed in testicular acini in case of T₀, whereas more developed and dense spermatids were evident in T₁, T₂, T₃ and T₄. These results indicate that testes were in late development stages in T₀, whereas they were ripe in all the treatments. The current findings indicate that hypoxia slows down growth, reduces survival rate and retards the development of reproductive organs in L. marginalis.

Keywords: Freshwater pearl mussel, Lamellidens marginalis, Dissolved oxygen, Hypoxia, Climate change

Location: The ponds of Fisheries Field complex, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Pearl, Freshwater

Objectives:

The objectives of the present research work were to determine the effects of hypoxic and normoxic conditions on the growth, survival and gonadal development of freshwater pearl mussel.

Methodology:

Sample collection: Adult freshwater pearl mussels Lamellidens marginalis were collected from the ponds of Fisheries Field complex, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh by handpicking. Around 300 individuals (almost similar in size) were collected in a plastic bucket and acclimatized in laboratory condition for 15 days prior to start the experiment. Experimental setup: In the present study, each of the 20 L. marginalis was exposed to 15 glass aquaria (46×31×25 cm³) containing 10 L of pond water with three replications. The treatments have been designated as T₁ (one air stone), T₂ (two air stone), T₃ (three air stone) and T₄ (four air stone). Phytoplankton was collected from adjacent ponds of Field Laboratory (BAU) by using a plankton net in order to feed L. marginalis twice in a day. Water quality parameters (DO, pH and temperature) were measured at fifteen days interval by using multi meter (HQ4200 Portable Multi-Meter). Bivalves were sampled on days -30, -60 and -90 in order to study the growth and to collect gonad tissue for histopathological study. Growth and survival study: Length was measured from a maximum antero-posterior distance; width was measured from top hinge joint to lower shard edge distance using measuring scale. Relative growth rate (RGR, %) was calculated using the following formula: [(W2-W1/W1) × 100]; where W2 and W1 is the final and initial weight, respectively. To determine the survival of mussels, every individual of each aquarium was monitored every day. Any mussel having its valve open or having the smell of decomposition was treated as a dead one. The survival rate of each aquarium in each sampling was expressed in percentage and was calculated using the following formula: [(S= n/ N) x 100]; Where, S is the survival rate (%), n is the number survived; N is the initial number stocked. Histological procedure: The similar histopathological procedures were followed as described in Sumon et al. (2019). Briefly, the preserved fixated gonadal tissues, three from each group including control were dehydrated by passing through graded alcohol series and cleared by chloroform and embedded into paraffin. Sectioning was done using a microtome. The sampled sections were stained with Haematoxylene-Eosin (HE) stains and mounted with DPX. Finally, the sample sections were observed under a digital microscope (Olympus CX 41) to examine the gonadal development. Statistical analysis: Values are expressed as means ± standard deviation (SD). Data were analyzed by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test to assess statistically significant differences among different treatments. Statistical significance was set at p< 0.05. Statistical analyses were performed using PASW Statistics 18.0 software (IBM SPSS Statistics, IBM, Chicago, USA).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Fish. (2021) 33(1): 99-108

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present research concludes that low DO is stressful to freshwater pearl mussel L. marginalis causing slow growth, reduced survival rate and retarded gonadal development, and capable of bringing changes in maturity and reproduction cycles.

Knowledge Management: Journal