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Determinants of Household Food Security in Rural Bangladesh: an Empirical Analysis of Farm Level Data

K. S. RAHMAN
Scientific Officer
Agricultural Statistics & ICT, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh.

M. K. HASAN
Chief Scientific Officer
Agricultural Statistics & ICT, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh.

M. HASAN
Scientific Officer
Farm Machinery and Post-harvest Process Engineering Division, BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study endeavors to estimate the food security status and identify the determinants of food security among households in Hakimpur Upazila in Dinajpur district, Bangladesh. it was found that households of Hakimpur upazila in Dinajpur district were food insecure during the period of the survey. Number of dependents, income of household head, age of household head and level of education were found to significantly influence household head food security in the study area positively. It is recommended that social security measures must ensure that the benefits of public efforts to improve food security and nutrition are universal. Human rights based practices are preferable.

Keywords: Food, Food security, Nutrition, Households

Location: Hakimpur (Hili) Upazila in Dinajpur district in Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Food Safety and Security

Non-commodity: Livelihood

Objectives:

The Specific Objectives of the study are:
(i) To explore the present status of food security in Bangladesh on the basis of availability, accessibility and utilization of food.
(ii) To identify the factors influencing food security/ insecurity in Bangladesh.
(iii) To establish an econometric time series model to forecast the future food security status.
(iv) To formulate policy guidelines/suggestions

Methodology:

The study was conducted in Hakimpur (Hili) Upazila in Dinajpur district in Bangladesh. Hakimpur (Hili) is located at the North-Western part of the country and considered as the center of northwestern Bangladesh. Hakimpur (Hili) is an emerging urban center and magnification rate of the urban population has been incrementing at an expeditious rate and commercialization active have been on the incrimination placing most of the inhabitants who are mostly farmers, civil servants, handicrafts worker and traders under economic stress. Selection of the Study area and Sample Size: Purposive Simple random sampling techniques were adopted for selecting reasonable numbers of sample from farmers, traders/merchants, handicrafts worker and civil/public servants. At the first stage of Sampling, one districts was selected from 10 most poor districts (Kurigram, Dinajpur, Magura, Bandarban, Khagrachari, Shariatpur, Lalmonirhat, Gaibandha, Nilphamari and Thakurgaon) for the study. At the second stage of sampling, one Upazila, Hakimpur was selected purposively for the study. Then sample farmers, traders/merchants, handicrafts worker and Civil/public servants were randomly selected for primary data collection. The population of the study was purposively drawn from respondents who are mainly farmers. Traders/merchants, handicrafts, worker and civil/public servants. A total of 56 respondents were arbitrarily drawn from the Hakimpur (Hili) Upazila in Dinajpur district. Data/information and Analytical Technique: Both primary and secondary data and information were used for the study. Primary data were collected from field level through questionnaire survey from the aforesaid locations. Secondary data and information relating to different statistics were gathered from various published Sources like BBS, FAOStat, research reports etc. Data were analyzed applying descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis. Firstly, a set of brief descriptive coefficients that summarizes a given data set. Which can either be a representation of the entire population or a sample. The measures used to describe the data set are measures of central tendency and measures of variability or dispersion. Measures of central tendency include the Mean, Median and Mode while measures of variability include the Standard Deviation (or variance), the minimum and maximum variables, Kurtosis and Skewness. Food security status was quantified setting a binary value of one or zero. Where one represents food secure and zero represents food insecure. The logistic regression then provides a model of observing the probability of a household becoming food secure or food insecure.
The logistic model is designated explicitly as:
Y= b₀ + b₁ X₁ + b₂ X₂ + b₃ X₃ + b₄ X₄ + b₅ X₅ + b₆ X₆
Where Y=Food security status (1, if household is food secure; 0,if household is food insecure)
X₁ =Sex of household head (Male=1; female=0)
X₂ =Household size (Member of dependents)
X₃ =Monthly Income of household (TK)
X₄ =Age of household head (Year)
X₅ =Level of education of household head (Year of schooling)
X₆ =ePemixtC xm np f ymhnnamPatPpaC rePm.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(4): 649-658, December 2019

Article Link (Online Journal): ISSN 0258-7122 (Print), 2408-8293 (Online)

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study has found that households of Hakimpur Upazila in Dinajpur District were food insecure during the period of the survey. Number of dependents, income of household head, age of household head and level of education were found to significantly influence household head food security in the study area positively. However, sex of household head, Per Capita monthly food expenditure was found to influence food security negatively at the household level. Based on the results, It is recommended that social security measures must ensure that the benefits of public efforts to improve food security and nutrition are universal. Human rights based practices are preferable. Extremely versatile, tolerant and nutrient-sensitive, it is vital to grow agriculture.

Knowledge Management: Journal