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Evaluation of Plant Extracts, Fungicides, Bio-agent and Soil Amendments Against Foot and Root Rot Disease of Betelvine Caused by Sclerotium Rolfsii Under Field Condition

M. H. RAHMAN
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Cumilla

M. R. ISLAM
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka

F. M. AMINUZZAMAN
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka

A. LATIF
Department of Entomology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka

S. NAHAR
Senior Assistant Director, NATA, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The studies were carried out on the management of foot and root rot disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. of betelvine (Piper betle L.) during April, 2017 to April, 2018 in a betelvine orchard (baroj) in the experimental farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka. There were 10 treatments, namely Provax 200, Tilt 250 EC, Score 250 EC, Pencozeb 80 WP, Garlic clove extract, Allamanda leaf extract, Poultry waste, Vermi-compost, Trichoderma harzianum and Control. The in-vivo evatuation, plant was inoculated by S. rolfsii after six month of plantation. The evaluation revealed that the lowest disease incidence of 8.33% was found in Provax 200 whereas the highest disease incidence of 91.67 was recorded under the untreated control treatment. The maximum of 90.91% reduction in disease incidence over control was found under Provax 200, which was significantly higher compared to all other treatments. Among the treatments, Provax 200 was noted as the most effective fungicide followed by Score 250 EC. The highest yield (7.57 t/ha) at 120 days after inoculation was found in case of Provax 200 which was 330.1% increased over untreated control. Stem and soil treated with Provax 200 including spraying at 3 days after inoculation, then sprayed at 7 days’ intervals minimized disease incidence and increased yield. Among the eco-friendly approach, Garlic clove extract, Trichoderma harzianum and soil amended with Vermi-compost also showed better performance in controlling foot and root rot disease of betelvine as compared to control.

Keywords: Betelvine, Disease management, Foot and root rot, Sclerotium rolfsii.

Location: The experimental farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka

Start Date: 00-04-2017

End Date: 00-04-2018

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Medicinal Plants, Betel leaf, Fungicide

Objectives:

To evaluate the efficacy of four fungicides [Provax 200 (Carboxin 17.5%+ Thiram 17.5%), Tilt 250 EC (25% Propiconazole), Score 250 EC (25% Difenoconazole) and Pencozeb 80 WP (80 % Mancozeb)], two botanicals [Garlic clove extract (allicin), Allamanda leaf extract (allamandin)], two soil amendments [Poultry waste, Vermi-compost] and one bio-agent (Trichoderma harzianum) for controlling foot and root rot disease of betel vine caused by S. rolfsii in field condition.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in a betelvine orchard (baroj) in the experimental farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka during April, 2017 to April, 2018. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with 4 replications maintaining plot size (0.30 x 0.60) m2 and plant to plant spacing 20 cm. One hill with three plants were used for each treatments. Altogether 10 treatments comprising fungicides, botanicals, bio-agent and soil amendments were tested in the experiment. The treatments were T₁ = Provax 200 @ 0.25%, T₂ = Tilt-250 EC @ 0.1%, T₃ = Score 250 EC @ 0.05%, T₄ = Pencozeb 80 WP @ 0.45%, T₅ = Garlic clove extract @ 15%, T₆ = Allamanda leaf extract @ 15%, T₇ = Vermicompost @ 30g/plant, T₈ = Poultry manure @ 30g/plant, T₉ = Trichoderma harzianum @ 5g/plant and T₁₀ = Control. (a) Growing of betelvine cuttings A piece of medium high land with well drainage system was selected and deep ploughing was done during early summer at the end of April month in 2017. After ploughing, upper soil is left exposed in the sun for two months. During the first week of June, three times ploughing was done for well pulverized good tilth condition of soil. Weeds and stubbles were removed manually. Drainage trenches of 90 cm width by 15 cm depth were dugged in between two adjacent beds. A suseptible betelvine cultivar Misti pan cutting was collected from 3-5 years old betelvine orchared in Rajshahi. Forty centimeter long cuttings with three to five nodes were cut from the vine. For each treatment, twelve betelvine cuttings were treated deeply into suspension of fungicides, plant extracts and bioagent separately for 20 minutes. The cuttings were then drained off, air-dried and planted in the field. For control treatment, the cuttings were treated with plain water. (b) Inoculum preparation and inoculation of S. rolfsii The isolate of S. rolfsii isolated from foot and root rot infected betel vine following tissue planting method (Mian, 1995) and multiplied on barley grains (Gupta and Kolte, 1982). Fresh barley grains were pre-soaked in 2% sucrose solution overnight, drained off excess solution and boiled in freshwater for 30 minutes and drained off again. These were transferred into 250 ml conical flasks @ 80 g and autoclaved at 121.6⁰C temperature, under 1.1 kg/cm² pressure for 20 minutes. The conical flasks were allowed to cool at room temperature and were inoculated with 5 mm discs of 3 to 4 days old culture of S. rolfsii grown on PDA. Seven discs per flask were added and flasks were incubated for three weeks at 25±2⁰C. (c) Collection and preparation of plant extracts The plant leaf extracts were prepared by using the method of Ashrafuzzaman and Hossain (1992). For preparation of extracts, collected leaves were weighted in an electric balance and then washed in tap water and then in distilled water. After washing the big leaves were cut into small pieces. For getting extract, weighted plant parts were blended in an electric blender and then distilled water was added into the jug of the blender. For getting 1:1 (w/v) ratio 100 ml of distilled water was added with 100g plant parts. The pulverized mass was squeezed through 3 folds of fine cotton cloth. The extract was used as stock solution for the study. To prepare 15 % concentrations of plant extract, 15 ml of stock solution was mixed with 85 ml of sterilized water. The 15% concentrations of plant extract was used for application. (d) Preparation of bio-agent The fungal antagonist bio-agents, Trichoderma harzianum collected from the laboratory of Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) and cultured on PDA. Inoculum of the bio-agent, T. harzianum was prepared using the method as described by Gupta and Kolte (1982). Fresh barley grains were pre-soaked in 2% sucrose solution overnight, drained off excess solution and boiled in freshwater for 30 minutes and drained off again. (g) Data collection The data on days required for the appearance of disease symptom, disease incidence and yield of betel leaf were recorded. The incidence of the disease was computed based on the following formula: % Disease incidence= (Number of infected plant in thearea covered) / (Number of the inspected plant) x 100. The yield increase was calculated using the following formula: % yield increase over control = {(x - y) / y} x 100. Where x = Mean under treatments (T_{n, n = 1 - 9}) and y = Mean under control (T₁₀) (h) Statistical analysis The data were statistically analyzed by using computer package program (Statistix 10). The significant differences of the treatment means were compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 1% level of significance.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(4): 669-677, December 2019; ISSN 0258-7122 (Print), 2408-8293 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Foot and root rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, the most devastating disease of betel vine in Bangladesh, reduced the yield and quality of betel leaves every year. Based on the results of the in-vivo evaluation, Garlic clove extract, Provax-200 & Score 250 EC fungicides, T. harzianum and soil amendments with Vermi-compost were found to be most effective against S. rolfsii which could be used as IPM components for increasing the yield of betel leaf under baroj conditions.

Knowledge Management: Journal