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Shrimp/prawn Farming Status in South-west Region of Bangladesh in Context of Quality Control and Food Safety Issues

M.S. KHATUN
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Shrimp Research Station, Bagerhat 9300, Bangladesh

M. ARIFUL ISLAM
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Shrimp Research Station, Bagerhat 9300, Bangladesh

K.K.U. AHMED
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Shrimp Research Station, Bagerhat 9300, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

To determine hazardous antibiotics/chemicals and pesticides residues in Good Aquaculture Practice (GAP) and non-GAP farms and explore the post-harvest management techniques of shrimp/ prawn for ensuring its food safety issues, a study was conducted from July 2016 to June 2019 in three Upazilas viz. Bagerhat Sadar, Rampal and Kachua of Bagerhat district. A total of 550 shrimp/prawn farms were randomly surveyed considering GAP criteria. The farms were categorized as Category A- the farms which comply 90- 100% GAP criteria; Category B- farms which comply 70-< 90% GAP criteria and Category C- farms which comply 50-<70% GAP criteria. From the study it was found that only 1.67±0.58 % of farms were under Category-A, 37.67±6.81 % farms were under Category-B and 53±6.08 % farms were under Category-C. A total of 108 shrimp/prawn samples were collected in which 30% samples were from GAP farms and 70% samples were from non-GAP farms. Collected samples were analyzed for hazardous antibiotics/chemicals and pesticides residues (Heptachlor, Endrin, Dieldrin and DDT) using LC-MS and GC-MS machine. No hazardous Nitrofuran and Chloramphenicol metabolites were found from the collected samples and no residual concentrations of Heptachlor, Endrin, Dieldrin and DDT were found from GAP samples. In non-GAP samples, 14.8% samples contained some residues of Heptachlor, Endrin and Dieldrin in which 10.2% samples residues were lower than the Maximum Residual Limit (MRL) which is not harmful for human health. Only 4.6% of samples had residues which were slightly higher than the MRL. Exploration of postharvest management techniques of shrimp and prawn were done by observing the icing system quality and transportation system from farms to market/depot. It was found that 5.67±2.08% of farmers used proper icing and transportation system as well, 16.33±3.21% farmers used moderate icing and transportation system and 78±2% farmers used poor icing and transportation system. It was also observed that pathogenic bacterial load was higher in poor icing and transportation system as well than the proper icing and transportation system. From the study it can be concluded that, if farmers follow at least 50% of the GAP criteria then the foods (shrimp/prawn) will be safer for human consumption.

Keywords: Good Aquaculture Practice, Antibiotics, Pesticides, Food safety issues

Location: Three Upazilas viz. Bagerhat Sadar, Rampal and Kachua of Bagerhat district, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-07-2016

End Date: 00-06-2019

Program Area: Food Safety and Security

Commodity: Prawn, Quality

Objectives:

To identify and quantify of these pesticides and antibiotics residues for assessment of risk on human health.

Methodology:

This survey was conducted in the shrimp farming areas for 3-4 months and data were collected from 550 randomly selected shrimp farms considering the following GAP Criteria : (i) Good Practice Status in Site Selection for Shrimp, (ii) Good Practice Status in Farming, (iii) Good Practice Status in Water Use, (iv) Good Practice Status in Surrounding Environment and Pest Control of the Farm, (v) Good Practice Status in Feed Management, (vi) Good Practice Status in Disease Management, and (vii) Good Practice Status in Harvesting and Post Harvesting Management. Sampling procedure: From the surveyed farms, 10% farms were selected as sampling sites. Multisampling was done whenever necessary. Shrimp and prawn samples were collected randomly from the farms when those attained 3+ months age. Then those were brought into the Quality Control lab. of the Shrimp Research Station (SRS) and preserved in a refrigerator for further analysis. Extraction, derivatization and clean-up procedures for antibiotic test using LC-MS/MS: Frozen whole shrimp and prawn were thawed, rinsed under running water, and the shard and head were removed. The muscle was chopped with knife on a clean board and collected in a beaker and kept in the fridge until analysis. About 2.0 g of chopped sample was taken into 50 ml PE-centrifugation tube. Then 4ml HPLC-Water and 3mL 1 M HCL was added. The mixture was homogenized using Ultra Terex for 2 minutes. Washing the rotor with HPLC water was done in order to make sure that the total volume do not to exceed 17 ml. Adding of 400μl of 2-nitrobenxaldehyde solution and 500 μl internal standards were insured. The PE-centrifugation tubes with the dedicated cap was kept in the dark at room temperature in the water bath keeping at constant 370C for 16 hours for derivatization. In order to adjust the pH adding of 2 ml di-potassium hydrogen phosphate solution and 2.5 mL 0.8 mol/L NaOH (aq.) was done. When necessary 0.125 mol/L hydrochloric acid or the 0.125 mol/L. NaOH (aq.) were used to adjust the pH 7. After that 8 ml ethyl acetate was added and shaked for 5 min and centrifuged for 5 min at 4000 rpm and the ethyl acetate phase (upper phase) was transferred to a 15 ml centrifugation tube. The sample was extracted again with 4 ml ethyl acetate, centrifuged and combined the ethyl acetate phases in the 15 ml PE-centrifugation tube. The concentration of the extract was done at 450C under the stream of dry nitrogen. Then the residue was mixed with 1.0 ml methanol: water (50% / 50%) and 1.0 ml n-hexane in 15 ml PE centrifugation tube, for centrifugation at 4000rpm at 5 min at 4oC. The upper hexane phase was discarded by using a disposable syringe and long needle syringe was used to draw the bottom (clear) part into the syringe. Then it was filtered by 0.25μm syringe filter to the vial. At last, the vial with the sample was taken for injection by LCMS/MS API 3200. Extraction and clean-up procedure for pesticides residue analysis using GC-MS/MS:The extraction was carried out according to the procedure described by QuEschERS Method and necessary modification was also adopted for extraction, separation and clean-up sample. 10g of shrimp and prawn sample was taken in a Teflon tube. For cleaning-up:2ml H2SO4 was added with that 2 ml n-Hexane soln. Then it was vortex for 1 min. After vortex the mixture was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 3 minutes. After that the supernatant was taken in a tube and was filtered with 0.45μg syringe filter in a vial. Then finally 2mL sample was taken in a vial for GC-ECD or GC-FID analysis Sampling and analysis procedure: Samples were collected randomly from the farms when those became attain 3+ months age. Same samples of pre-selected farms were collected from the market/depot after their transportation from farm to market. Then their icing quality, as well as transportation quality, was observed to ensure food safety. Food safety issues were ensured after risk analysis through risk assessment, risk management, risk communication, hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment, risk characterization process. Issues concerning risk analysis:(i)Icing system has been observed from farm to depot/market, (ii) Marketing chain/channel observation, (iii) Transportation techniques was observed from farm to depot/market. Statistical analysis: Statistical analysis was done using MS-EXCELL as well as SPSS software for the meaningful interpretation of the research outputs.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Fish. (2020) 32(1) (Supplement) : 185-192

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

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Achievement/Findings:

In the present study, no residual concentrations of Heptachlor, Endrin, Dieldrin and DDT were found from GAP samples. In non-GAP samples, 14.8% samples comprising some residues of Heptachlor, Endrin, Dieldrin and DDT in which 10.2% samples residues were lower than the Maximum Residual Limit (MRL) which is not harmful for human health. Only 4.6% samples had residues which were slightly higher than the MRL. Though the presence of residues was found much lower than the acceptable limit but everyone should be aware about the indiscriminate use of pesticides, chemicals and aqua drugs because it may be harmful for the safe food production in the near future and more study is needed for the quantification of residues in shrimp/prawn in both captured and cultured fishery. It can be concluded from the study that, if farmers follow at least 50% of the GAP criteria then the foods (shrimp/prawn) will be safer for human consumption.

Knowledge Management: Journal