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Relative Efficacy of Indigenous Botanicals and Synthetic Insecticide Against Cucurbit Fruit Fly (bactrocera Cucurbitae) on Bitter Gourd

MA Rahaman*
Food Security andLivelihood Projects, Mennonite Central Committee, 4/10 Iqbal Road, Block-A, Mohammadpur, Dhaka -1207, Bangladesh

GM Khan
Agricultural Support for Smallholder in South Western Region of Bangladesh Project, Department of Agricultural Extension, Khamarbari, Dhaka

D Saha
Sylhet Agricultural University Research System, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at farmer’s field in Panchbibi, Joypurhat during September to December 2016 to evaluate the relative efficacy of home based botanicals as compared to a synthetic insecticide used by the farmers in controlling cucurbit fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae on bitter gourd. Effectiveness of one synthetic insecticides (Karate 2.5 EC) and four indigenous botanicals (Neem seed extract, Jute seed extract, Mahogani seed extract and Garlic extract) were evaluated to control cucurbit fruit fly on bitter gourd. Fruits got comparatively lower infestation where plants were treated with different plant extracts, while it was minimum in the plants treated with synthetic insecticide. Among the botanicals maximum fruits infestations (39.96-43.82%) were found in the case of garlic extract while minimum damages (19.20-27.47%) were found from jute seed extract that showed about similar effectiveness with the synthetic insecticide viz. Karate 2.5EC (16.24-31.04%). The highest fruit infestation was recorded from untreated control (56.93-58.42%).

Keywords: Jute seed, Mahogany seed, Neem, Garlic extract, Karate 2.5 EC.

Location: Panchbibi upazila under Joypurhat district

Start Date: 00-09-2016

End Date: 00-12-2016

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Insecticide, Bitter gourd

Objectives:

the present investigation was undertaken to find out the efficacy of different indigenous botanicals as compared to synthetic insecticide viz.Karate 2.5 EC used by the farmers in controlling cucurbit fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted from September to December 2016 at farmer’s field in Panchbibi upazila under Joypurhat district to know the relative efficacy of indigenous botanicals and synthetic insecticide against cucurbit fruit fly of bitter gourd. Treatments and replications There were six treatments viz. T1 = Control (untreated), T2 = Spraying of neem seed extract (@ 25 ml l^-¹ water), T3 = Spraying of jute seed extract (@ 25 ml l^-¹ water), T4 = Spraying of mahogany seed extract (@ 25 ml l^-1 water), T5 = Spraying of garlic extract (@ 25 ml l^-1 water) and T6 = Spraying of Karate 2.5EC (@ 1 ml l^-1water) and each with three replications. Spraying was started from the first incidence of the pest with the recommended doses. Karate 2.5EC (@ 1 ml l^-1water) was selected for its extensive use at farmers level to control cucurbit fruit fly of bitter gourd. Experimental design Experiments were conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design where land size was 20 m × 19 m = 380 m2and the subplot size was 5.66 m ×2.75 m = 15.57 m2.Preparation of neem seed extract Neem seed extract was prepared by crushing 250 g of neem seeds mixing with little amount of water with the help of pestle and after that extract was separated by fine cotton cloth and mixed with 10 liters of fresh water to spray to the bitter gourd field. Preparation of jute seed extract To prepare jute seed extract, 250 g jute seeds was mixed with little amount of water and crushed with the help of pestle and extract was separated by fine cotton cloth. After that it was mixed with 01 liter of fresh water and 10 g soap powder was added and mixed properly. This soap mixed jute extract was diluted with 10 liters of fresh water to spray to the field. For spraying the diluted jute seed extract knapsack sprayer was used. Preparation of Mahogany seed extract Mahogany seed extract was prepared by crushing 250 g of mahogany seeds mixing little amount of water with the help of pestle and extract was separated by fine cotton cloth and after that it was mixed with 10 liters of fresh water to spray to the bitter gourd field. Preparation of Garlic seed extract To prepare garlic extract, 250 g of garlic was mixed with little amount of water after that crushed with the help of pestle and extract was separated by fine cotton cloth and after that it was mixed with 10 ml kerosene oil properly. After that the kerosene mixed garlic extract was diluted with 10 liters of fresh water to spray to the field, and for spraying knapsack was used. Cultural management Planting distance 182 cm × 158 cm was maintained. Between two plots 50 cm gap was maintained for proper irrigation and drainage. Fertilizers, whole of Compost: 1000 kg, TSP: 4 kg, MoP: 2.5 kg, Boron: 250 g and Zinc: 250 g and one third of Urea: 1.25 kg was applied to the field with necessary intercultural operations. Data collection and statistical analysis Data were recorded on level of infestation (%) one and two weeks after spraying (WAS) to find out effectiveness of different treatments. The level of infestation was maintained up to zero before of each spraying through proper sanitation, like -removing of infested and rotten fruits. The number of healthy and damaged bitter gourd in 15.57 m2area was counted and recorded distinctly from randomly selected five farmers’ field at each location. The percentage of infestation was calculated by using the following formula: The recorded data were arranged in tabular form using excel worksheet and processed for further analysis. All the statistical analyses were performed using SPSS statistical package 11.5 version, at 1% level of significance.

Source of Information: J. Sylhet Agril. Univ. 5(1):31 -36, 2018 ISSN: 2308-1597

Article Link (Online Journal): www.jsau.com.bd

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It indicates that the untreated control was always vulnerable to cucurbit fruit fly and the botanicals has some good power to control insect pests through repealing them or killing them or hampering their life cycle. In the present study, it is found that as an insect controlling substance jute seed extract has a great role to reduce the infestation of cucurbit fruit fly in bitter gourd. In most cases all botanicals are found as effective as the synthetic insecticide Karate 2.5EC.

Knowledge Management: Journal